Table 5.

Comparison of the activities before bedtime between the “Nenne-meet” and “Nenne-not-meet” groups.

Activity Before Bedtime	Nenne-meet (n = 717)			Nenne-not-meet (n = 1,300)			P a	P b	Effect Size r
	Mean	Median	Interquartile Range	Mean	Median	Interquartile Range
Activities 30 minutes before bedtime (%)
Media viewing	13.1	0*	0–14.0	19.6	0*	0–29.0	< .001	< .005	.12
Playing with toys	44.2	43.0	14.0–71.0	44.7	43.0	14.0–71.0	.618	.770	.01
Physical play	14.3	0*	0–14.0	12.6	0*	0–14.0	.659	.864	−.01
Breastfeeding	34.1	14.0	0–57.0	42.4	29.0	0–86.0	.052	.111	.10
Bathing	24.4	0*	0–43.0	20.5	0*	0–29.0	.054	< .05	−.04
Brushing teeth	66.3	86.0	29.0–100	66.2	86.0	29.0–100	.456	.636	−.02
Reading picture books	29.9	14.0	0–57.0	25.5	14.0	0–43.0	< .005	.090	−.07
In-bed activities (%)
Media viewing	2.4	0*	0–0*	4.6	0*	0–0*	< .001	.453	.08
Playing with toys	5.7	0*	0–0*	7.3	0*	0–0*	< .05	.308	.05
Listening to music	2.7	0*	0–0*	2.6	0*	0–0*	.392	.161	.02
Bedtime theater	1.4	0*	0–0*	2.0	0*	0–0*	.123	.344	.03
Breastfeeding	46.1	29.0	0–100	49.0	57.0	0–89.5	.615	.709	.03
Only reading picture books	14.0	0*	0–14.0	10.8	0*	0–0*	< .05	< .05	−.05

The percentages of “The ways to spend time before 30 minutes of going to bed—breastfeeding,” and “The ways to spend time in the bed—breastfeeding” were calculated from the population who answered “breastfeeding” in the demographic survey and who answered “breastfed at night,” “breastfed before 30 minutes of bedtime,” or “breastfed in the bed” in daily question; n = 408. ^a Mann–Whitney U test. ^b Multiple regression analysis, adjusted for toddler’s age, nursery school attendance, number of siblings, mother’s age, father’s age, mother’s educational level, and mother’s employment status. * Most of the data were 0.