Table 2.
Baseline characteristics of the study participants (N = 77).
| Index | CON group (N = 19) | TRF group (N = 19) | EXE group (N = 20) | TRF + EXE group (N = 19) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 20.08 ± 1.76 | 20.29 ± 1.79 | 20.09 ± 1.35 | 19.93 ± 0.61 |
| Height (cm) | 164.31 ± 5.47 | 163.00 ± 4.73 | 160.68 ± 6.37 | 161.00 ± 5.21 |
| Weight (kg) | 54.14 ± 5.81 | 56.34 ± 4.70 | 53.62 ± 5.20 | 55.32 ± 4.43 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 20.32 ± 1.06 | 21.63 ± 1.24 | 21.35 ± 1.56 | 21.86 ± 1.48 |
| BF% | 37.35 ± 3.85 | 38.21 ± 3.32 | 38.32 ± 2.62 | 39.08 ± 2.31 |
| ATM (kg) | 20.35 ± 38.25 | 21.60 ± 30.99 | 20.58 ± 27.74 | 21.64 ± 24.65 |
| LTM (kg) | 33.79 ± 28.01 | 34.74 ± 26.18 | 33.04 ± 31.05 | 33.67 ± 25.47 |
| TBMD (g/cm2) | 1.07 ± 0.06 | 1.08 ± 0.07 | 1.06 ± 0.08 | 1.05 ± 0.06 |
| TC (mmol/L) | 3.93 ± 0.70 | 3.91 ± 0.36 | 3.86 ± 0.39 | 4.00 ± 0.64 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 0.91 ± 0.51 | 0.80 ± 0.25 | 0.87 ± 0.30 | 0.85 ± 0.41 |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.45 ± 0.20 | 1.38 ± 0.19 | 1.42 ± 0.24 | 1.44 ± 0.18 |
| LDL-C (mmol/L) | 2.25 ± 0.74 | 1.98 ± 0.43 | 2.11 ± 0.65 | 2.45 ± 0.69 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 73.47 ± 11.65 | 71 ± 7.43 | 75.71 ± 8.27 | 70.62 ± 8.63 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 111.71 ± 4.972 | 110 ± 8.23 | 113.18 ± 9.857 | 113 ± 8.866 |
The data were expressed as means ± standard deviations. CON, control; TRF, time-restricted feeding; EXE, walking exercise; TRF + EXE, time-restricted feeding combined with walking exercise; BMI, body mass index; BF%, body fat percentage; ATM, adipose tissue mass; LTM, lean tissue mass; TBMD, total bone mineral density; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; SBP, systolic blood pressure.