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. 2023 Apr 1;14(3):1183–1198. doi: 10.1002/jcsm.13221

TABLE 2.

The details of diagnostic criteria and cut‐off points of each study

Diagnosis criteria References
Low muscle mass
BIA
  • 1

    AWGS (2014) 36 or AWGS (2019) 37 : SMI < 7.0 kg/m2 for men and SMI < 5.7 kg/m2 for women

 Zhao (2020), Zhang (2019), Sasaki (2020) and Konishi (2020)
  • 2

    Kuczmarski et al. (2000) 38 and Janssen et al. (2004) 39 : SMI < 10.76 kg/m2 for men and SMI < 6.76 kg/m2 for women

 Santana (2019)
  • 3

    Morley et al. (2001) 40 : SMI < 7.0 kg/m2 in men and SMI < 5.7 kg/m2 in women

 Shiina (2019)
  • 4

    EWGSOP (2010) 41 : SMI < 10.75 kg/m2 for men and SMI = 6.75 kg/m2 for women

 Eschalier (2020)
DXA
  • 1

    EWGSOP2 (2018) 42 : SMI < 7.0 kg/m2 for men and SMI < 5.4 kg/m2 for women

 Heshmat (2021)
  • 2

    AWGS (2014) 36 : SMI < 7.0 kg/m2 for men and SMI < 5.4 kg/m2 for women

 Hu (2018)
  • 3

    EWGSOP (2010) 41 : The 10th percentile of the residuals of the regression

 Sandberg (2019)
  • 4

    Morley et al. (2001) 40 : Appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASMM) 2 standard deviations (SDs) below the mean of a young healthy reference group aged 18–40 years

 Dos Santos (2016)
  • 5

    EWGSOP (2010) and Baumgartner et al. (1998) 43 : SMI 2 or more SDs below the mean for healthy, young Japanese subjects (<6.87 kg/m2 in males and <5.46 kg/m2 in females)

 Tsuchida (2018)
  • 6

    ICS (2011) 44 : Muscle mass 2 SDs below the mean of a healthy young reference group aged 18–40 years

 Emami (2018), Fülster (2012) and Bekfani (2016)
  • 7

    Buckinx et al. (2018) 45 : ALMI Z score: −2 or lower

 Tran (2020)
  • 8
    EWGSOP (2010) and Baumgartner et al. (1998) 43 : SMI < the 20th percentile (7.03 kg/m2)

Newman et al. (2003) 46 : The 20th percentile of the residuals of the regression

 Fonseca (2020)
  • 9

    FNIH (2014) and Studenski et al. (2014) 47 : ALM/BMI < 0.789 in men and ALM/BMI < 0.512 in women

 Canteri (2019)
  • 10

    EWGSOP (2010) and Baumgartner et al. (1998) 43 : SMI < 7.26 kg/m2

Fonseca (2019)
  • 11

    EWGSOP (2010) 41 : SMI < 7.26 kg/m2 in men and SMI = 5.45 kg/m2 in women

 Hajahmadi (2017)
BMI

  1. The Japanese Geriatric Society 24 : BMI < 18.5 kg/m2

Kono (2020)
Low muscle strength
HGS
  • 1

    AWGS (2014) 36 : <26 kg for men and <18 kg for women

 Zhao (2020), Hu (2018), Zhang (2019), Sasaki (2020) and Konishi (2020)
  • 2

    EWGSOP (2010) 41 : <30 kg for men and 20 kg for women

 Eschalier (2020) and Fonseca (2019)
  • 3

    EWGSOP (2018) 42 : <26 kg for men and <18 kg for women

 Heshmat (2021)
  • 4

    Lauretani et al. (2003) 48 : <20 kg for men and <30 kg for women

 Santana (2019)
  • 5

    Wong (2016) 49 : <86 ± 20% of reference values

 Tran (2020)
  • 6

    EWGSOP (2010) 41 : <30 kg for men and <20 kg for women, lower the 20th percentile

 Fonseca (2020)
  • 7

    Dam et al. (2014) 50 : <26 kg in men and <16 kg in women

 Canteri (2019)
  • 8

    The Japanese Geriatric Society 24 : <26 kg in males or <18 kg in females

 Kono (2020)
Low physical performance
4mGS
  • 1

    AWGS (2014) 36 : GS < 0.8 m/s

 Zhao (2020) and Konishi (2020)
  • 2

    Abellan van Kan et al. (2011) 51 : GS < 0.8 m/s

 Santana (2019)
  • 3

    EWGSOP (2010) 41 : GS < 0.8 m/s

 Eschalier (2020) and Canteri (2019)
  • 4

    ICS (2011) 44 : GS < 1.0 m/s

 Fülster (2012)
4.57mGS

  1. EWGSOP2 (2018) 42 : GS < 0.8 m/s

 Heshmat (2021)
6mGS

  1. AWGS (2014) 36 : GS < 0.8 m/s

 Hu (2018) and Zhang (2019)
10mGS
  • 1

    AWGS (2014) 36 : GS < 0.8 m/s

 Sasaki (2020)
  • 2

    The Japanese Geriatric Society 24 : GS < 0.8 m/s

 Kono (2020)
6‐min WT

  1. ICS (2011) 44 : <400 m

 Dos Santos (2016) and Bekfani (2016)
Others
Sarcopenia score

  1. Ishii et al. (2014) 52 : ≥105 in men and ≥120 in women

 Onoue (2016)

Abbreviations: 6‐min WT, 6‐min walk test; ALM, appendicular lean mass; ALMI, appendicular lean mass index; AWGS, Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia; BIA, bioelectrical impedance analysis; BMI, body mass index; DXA, dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry; EWGSOP, European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People; FNIH, Foundation for the National Institutes of Health; GS, gait speed; HGS, handgrip strength; ICS, International Consensus on Sarcopenia; SMI, skeletal muscle mass index.