Table 2.
Characteristics of included studies
| First author's name, year | Country | Participants (type of population, sample size, age, sex ratio) | Sarcopenia ratio | Definition of sarcopenia | Tool used to access sarcopenia | Tool to assess HRQoL |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alekna, 2019 53 | Lithuania | Community dwelling older adults, Sample size: 176, Age: 78.2 (74.1–82.6), Women: 59.7% | 58 (32.9%) | EWGSOP2 | Muscle mass: DXA Muscle strength: handgrip dynamometer Physical performance: SPPB | SarQoL |
| Beaudart, 2015 36 | Belgium | Community dwelling older adults, Sample Size: 534, Age: 73.5 ± 6.16, women: 60.3% | 73 (13.7%) | EWGSOP1 | Muscle mass: DXA Muscle strength: handgrip dynamometer Physical performance: SPPB |
SF‐36 EQ‐5D |
| Beaudart, 2017 38 | Belgium | Community dwelling older adults, Sample size: 296, Age: 73.3 (68.9–78.6), Women: 57.1% | 43 (14.5%) | EWGSOP1 | Muscle mass: DXA Muscle strength: handgrip dynamometer Physical performance: SPPB | SarQoL |
| Beaudart, 2017 51 | UK | Community dwelling participants of the Hertfordshire Cohort Study, Sample size: 297, Age: 79.5 ± 2.62, Women: 46.1% | 14 (4.7%) | EWGSOP1 | Muscle mass: DXA Muscle strength: handgrip dynamometer Physical performance: gait speed | SarQoL |
| Beaudart, 2018 34 | Belgium | Community dwelling older adults, Sample size: 387, Age: 74.02 ± 5.99, Women: 58.5% | 50 (12.9%) 48 (12.4%) 17 (4.4%) 38 (9.8%) |
EWGSOP1 IWGS SSCWD FNIH |
Muscle mass: DXA Muscle strength: handgrip dynamometer Physical performance: gait speed | SarQoL |
| Chew, 2020 54 | Singapore | Community‐dwelling older adults, Sample size: 200, Age: 67.9 ± 7.86, Women: 68.5% | 31 (15.5%) | EWGSOP2 | Muscle mass: DXA Muscle strength: handgrip dynamometer Physical performance: gait speed | EQ‐5D |
| De Souza Orlandi, 2018 60 | Brazil | Community dwelling older adults, Sample size: 226, Age: 69.97 ± 6.82 | 43 (19%) | EWGSOP1 | NR |
EQ‐5D SF‐36 |
| De Souza Orlandi, 2022 24 | Brazil | Community dwelling older adults, Sample size: 221, Women: 68.3% | 55 (36.4%) | EWGSOP2 | Muscle mass: DXA Muscle strength: handgrip dynamometer Physical performance: gait speed | SarQoL |
| Erdogan, 2019 41 | Turkey | Community dwelling older adults, Sample size: 100, Age: 74.7 ± 6.1, Women: 71.0% | 27 (27.0%) | EWGSOP2 | Muscle mass: BIA Muscle strength: handgrip dynamometer Physical performance: gait speed | SarQoL |
| Fábrega‐Cuadros, 2020 33 | Spain | Community dwelling older adults, Sample size: 252, Age: 74.00 (70.00–78.00), Women: 82.54% | 66 (26.2%) | EWGSOP2 | Muscle mass: BIA Muscle strength: handgrip dynamometer | SarQoL |
| Fábrega‐Cuadros, 2021 43 | Spain | Community dwelling older adults, Sample size: 304, Age: 72.04 ± 7.88, Women: 83.88% | 72 (28.23%) | EWGSOP2 | Muscle mass: BIA Muscle strength: handgrip dynamometer Physical performance: gait speed | SF‐36 |
| Gasparik, 2017 22 | Romania | Community dwelling older adults recruited in hospital, Sample size: 100, Age: 72 (67–79), Women: 69% | 13 (13.0%) | EWGSOP1 | Muscle mass: Lee equation Muscle strength: handgrip dynamometer Physical performance: gait speed | SarQoL |
| Geerinck, 2018 31 | Belgium | Community dwelling older adults, Sample size: 92, Age: 82 (73–85), Women: 43.5% | 30 (32.6%) | EWGSOP1 | Muscle mass: BIA Muscle strength: handgrip dynamometer Physical performance: gait speed | SarQoL |
| Geerinck, 2020 50 | Belgium | Community dwelling older adults, Sample size: 296, Age: 73.3 (68.9–78.6) | 13 (4.4%) | EWGSOP2 | Muscle mass: DXA Muscle strength: handgrip dynamometer | SarQoL |
| Geerinck, 2021 28 | Belgium | Community dwelling older adults, Sample size:214, Age: 76 (73–81), Women: 63.1% | 21 (9.8%) | EWGSOP2 | Muscle mass: DXA Muscle strength: handgrip dynamometer | SF‐36 SarQoL |
| Guillamon‐Escudero, 2022 42 | Spain | Community dwelling older adults, Sample size: 202, Age: 73 ± 7, Women: 164 (81.2%) | 54 (26.7%) | EWGSOP2 | Muscle mass: BIA Muscle strength: handgrip dynamometer Physical performance: gait speed | SarQoL |
| Ilhan, 2019 5 | Turkey | Community dwelling older adults, Sample size: 408, Age: 77.1 ± 6.8, Women: 69.0% | 11 (2.7%) | EWGSOP1 | Muscle mass: BIA Muscle strength: handgrip dynamometer Physical performance: gait speed | EQ‐5D |
| Imai, 2022 40 | Japan | Community dwelling older adults, Sample size: 113, Age: 76.3 ± 5.6 | 22 (19.5%) | AWGS | Muscle mass: BIA Muscle strength: handgrip dynamometer Physical performance: gait speed | EQ‐5D |
| Kitamura, 2022 29 | Japan | Community older people covered by long term care insurance attending rehabilitation in a one‐day care centre, Sample size: 64, Age: 79.3 ± 8.8, Women: 67.3% | 24 (55.8%) | AWGS | Muscle mass: BIA Muscle strength: handgrip dynamometer | EQ 5D‐3L |
| Konstantynowicz, 2018 52 | Poland | Community dwelling older adults, Sample size: 106, Age: 73.3 ± 5.94, Women: 65.1% | 60 (56.6%) | EWGSOP1 | Muscle mass: DXA Muscle strength: handgrip dynamometer Physical performance: gait speed | SarQoL |
| Le, 2021 49 | China | Community‐dwelling older adults and outpatient department of geriatrics, Sample size: 159, Women: 46.5% | 51 (32.01%) | AWGS | Muscle mass: Lee equation Muscle strength: handgrip dynamometer Physical performance: gait speed | SarQoL |
| Lee, 2022 61 | Taïwan | Community dwelling older adults, Sample size: 100, Age: >65 years, Women: 28% | 50 (50.0%) | AWGS | Muscle mass: BIA Muscle strength: handgrip dynamometer Physical performance: gait speed or SPBB | SarQoL |
| Losa‐Reyna, 2020 45 | Spain | Community dwelling older adults, Sample size: 1189, Age: 75.8 ± 5.9, Women: 53.7% | 97 (8.16%) | EWGSOP2 |
Muscle mass: DXA Muscle strength: handgrip dynamometer Physical performance: gait speed |
EQ‐5D |
| Mahmoodi, 2022 23 | Iran | Community dwelling older adults, Sample size: 128, Women: 41.4% | 88 (68.5%) | AWGS | Muscle mass: BIA Muscle strength: handgrip dynamometer Physical performance: gait speed | SarQoL |
| Manrique‐Espinoza, 2017 59 | Mexico | Community dwelling older adults, Sample size: 543, Age: 76.1 ± 3.1, Women: 52.7% | 198 (36.5%) | EWGSOP1 | Muscle mass: Calf circumference Muscle strength: handgrip dynamometer Physical performance: gait speed | SF‐36 |
| Marques, 2018 37 | Brazil | Community dwelling older adults, Sample size: 604, Women: 65.2% | 37 (6.1%) | EWGSOP1 | Muscle mass: DXA Muscle strength: handgrip dynamometer | CASP‐16 |
| Matijević, 2020 48 | Serbia | Community dwelling older adults, Sample size: 699, Age: 70 (67–74), Women: 72.7% | 12 (1.7%) | EWGSOP2 | Muscle mass: DXA Muscle strength: handgrip dynamometer Physical performance: gait speed | SarQoL |
| Mijnarends, 2016 56 | Netherlands | Community dwelling older adults, Sample size: 227, Age: 74.9 ± 7.2 | 53 (23.3%) | EWGSOP1 | Muscle mass: BIA Muscle strength: handgrip dynamometer Physical performance: gait speed |
EQ‐5D EQVAS |
| Montero‐Errasquín, 2022 46 | Spain | Community dwelling older adults, Sample size: 86, Age: 77.6 ± 5.3, Women: 80.2% | 16 (18.6%) 13 (15.1%) |
EWGSOP1 FNIH |
Muscle mass: DXA Muscle strength: handgrip dynamometer | SarQoL |
| Mori, 2019 57 | Japan | Community‐dwelling adults aged ≥60 years, Sample size: 331, Age: 71.5 ± 5.1, Women: 71.9% | 19 (5.7%) | AWGS | Muscle mass: BIA Muscle strength: handgrip dynamometer Physical performance: gait speed | SF‐36 |
| Öztürk, 2018 39 | Turkey | Community dwelling geriatric population referred to outpatient clinic, Sample size: 423, Age: 71.8 ± 6.01, Women: 56.7% | 61 (14.4%) | EWGSOP1 | Muscle mass: BIA Muscle strength: handgrip dynamometer Physical performance: gait speed | SF‐36 |
| Patel, 2013 27 | United‐Kingdom | Community dwelling older adults, Sample size: 103, Age: 72.4 ± 4.4, Women: 0.00%, 100% of men | 7 (6.8%) | EWGSOP1 | Muscle mass: DXA Muscle strength: handgrip dynamometer Physical performance: gait speed | SF‐36 |
| SilvaNeto, 2016 32 | Brazil | Community dwelling older adults, Sample size: 70, Age: 65.58 ± 6.67, Women: 55.7% | 7 (10%) | EWGSOP1 | Muscle mass: DXA Muscle strength: handgrip dynamometer Physical performance: gait speed | SF‐36 |
| Simsek, 2022 44 | Turkey | Nursing home residents, Sample size: 172, Age: 81.78 ± 7.03, Women: 57.6% | 88 (51.2%) | EWGSOP2 | Muscle mass: BIA Muscle strength: handgrip dynamometer | EQ‐5D |
| Singhal, 2019 26 | India | Community dwelling people, outpatients of the Department of Geriatric Medicine, Sample size: 100, Age: 72.5 ± 6.4, Women: 31% | 53 (53%) | AWGS | Muscle mass: DXA Muscle strength: handgrip dynamometer Physical performance: gait speed | OPQoL |
| Smith, 2022 62 | Multicentre | Community dwelling older adults, Sample size: 14 585, Age: 72.6 ± 11.5, Women: 55.0% | 1750 (12.0%) | EWGSOP2 | Muscle mass: Lee equationMuscle strength: handgrip dynamometer Physical performance: gait speed | WHOQoL |
| Takahashi, 2018 58 | Japan | Community dwelling older adults, dental clinic outpatients, Sample size: 279, Age: 76 ± 7.5, Women: 62.0% | 86 (30.8%) | AWGS | Muscle mass: Calf circumference Muscle strength: handgrip dynamometer Physical performance: gait speed | OHIP‐14 |
| Tsekoura, 2020 30 | Greece | Community dwelling older adults, Sample size: 176, Age: 71.19 ± 7.95, Women: 77.27% | 50 (28.4%) | EWGSOP1 | Muscle mass: BIA Muscle strength: handgrip dynamometer Physical performance: gait speed | SarQoL |
| Umegaki, 2022 63 | Japan |
Community dwelling older adults attending a memory clinic, Sample size: 23, Age: NR 1‐year follow‐up |
23 (100%) | AWGS | Muscle mass: BIAMuscle strength: handgrip dynamometer Physical performance: gait speed | EQ‐5D |
| Veronese, 2022 47 | Italy | Community dwelling older adults, Sample size: 4044, Age: 70.7 ± 7.6, Women: 55.1% | 375 (9.3%) | EWGSOP2 | Muscle mass: Lee equation Muscle strength: handgrip dynamometer | CASP‐19 |
| Woo, 2018 25 | Australia | Community dwelling older adults, Sample size: 727, Age: 73.9 ± 6.2 for men, 73.2 ± 6 for women, Women: 50.9% | 71 (9.77%) | EWGSOP1 | Muscle mass: DXA Muscle strength: handgrip dynamometer | SF‐36 |
| Yalcin, 2017 35 | Turkey | Residents of a Turkish nursing home, N = 241, 83.27 ± 5.65, women: 123 (52.1%) | 93 (38.6%) | EWGSOP1 | Muscle mass: BIA Muscle strength: handgrip dynamometer Physical performance: gait speed | SF‐36 |
| Yoo, 2020 55 | Korea | Community dwelling older adults, Sample size: 450, Age: 73.9 ± 6.6, Women: 87.7% | 53 (11.8%) | EWGSOP2 | Muscle mass: BIA Muscle strength: handgrip dynamometer | SarQoL |
AWGS, Asian Working Group on Sarcopenia; BIA, bioelectrical impendance analysis; CASP‐19 (or 16), Quality of Life Scale; DXA, dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry; EQ‐5D, EuroQol five‐dimensions; EWGSOP, European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People; FNIH, Foundation for the National Institutes of Health Biomarkers Consortium Sarcopenia Project; HRQoL, health‐related quality of life; NR, not reported; OHIP‐14, Oral Health Impact Profile‐14; SarQoL, Sarcopenia and Quality of life questionnaire; SF‐36, Short‐Form 36; SPPB, Short Physical Performance Battery; WHOQoL, World Health Organization Quality of Life questionnaire.