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. 2023 Mar 10;14(3):1365–1380. doi: 10.1002/jcsm.13213

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© 2023 The Authors. Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society on Sarcopenia, Cachexia and Wasting Disorders.

This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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GHK‐Cu attenuates oxidative stress in CSE‐stimulated C2C12 myoblast via activating SIRT1. The alleviative effect of GHK‐Cu on oxidative stress (contained GSH (A), SOD2 (B), T‐AOC (C), and MDA (D) levels) was reversed after application of EX527 in CSE‐treated C2C12 myotubes (upper). (E) Co‐treatment of EX‐527 abolished the effect of GHK‐Cu on expression of oxidative stress‐related proteins (lower). (F) GHK‐Cu reversed CSE‐induced decrease of total and increase of acetylated Nrf2 levels, which were abolished by co‐treatment of EX‐527. ns, no significance; *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001.