Table 4.
Comparison of EIS biosensors for SARS-CoV-2 antigens detection between this study and previous works from the literature.
| Electrode | Biorecognition element (conc./ng/mL) | Sample | Detection time/min | Linear range/pg/mL | LOQ/pg/mL | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SPCE1/graphene/carbon | IgG antibody/(30 × 109) Spike S1 IgG antibody + Protein A (30 × 109) |
RBD spiked in diluted nasopharyngeal sample and [Fe(CN)6]3-/4 | 5 | 25 × 10−5 – 1 × 103 25 × 10−5 – 1 × 106 |
25 × 10−5 | [80] |
| SPCE/Cu2O nanocube | IgG antibody (30 × 106) | Spike protein in PB and [Fe(CN)6]3-/4- | 20 | 25 × 10−5 – 1 × 106 | – | [81] |
| SPCE | ACE2 (0.32 × 106) | Spike protein in PBS or saliva and [Fe(CN)6]3-/4 | 4 | 20 × 10−5 – 1 × 105 (PBS) 0.1 – 1 × 105 (saliva) |
7.26 10−3 (PBS) 4.63 (saliva) |
[83] |
| SPCE | SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Antibody (50 × 106) | SARS-CoV-2 N-protein in PBS and [Fe(CN)6]3-/4- | 30 | 1 – 1 × 104 | – | [84] |
| SPCE/gold nanoparticle | SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Antibody (2 × 106) |
N protein in PBS and [Fe(CN)6]3-/4- | 40 | 10 – 1 × 105 | – | [11] |
| Glassy carbon electrode/rGO4 | SARS-CoV-2 Spike S1 antibody (2.5 × 106) | SARS-CoV-2 spike protein RBD in PBS and [Fe(CN)6]3-/4- |
– | 1.6 × 105 – 1.25 × 106 2.5 × 106 – 40 × 106 |
– | [85] |
| ITO/ gold nanoparticles |
Anti-RBD antibody (4.4 × 103) |
SARS-CoV-2 spike protein RBD in KCl and [Fe(CN)6]3-/4 |
60 | 0.002 – 100 | – | [82] |
| GCE/Bi2WO6/Bi2S3 | SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Antibody (20 × 106) | SARS-CoV-2 N protein in saliva and H2O2 | 30 | 0.01–1.00 | – | [86] |
| SPCE/PPy-NTs/Ni(OH)2 | SARS-CoV-2 Spike VHH Sb#15-His6 (100) |
SARS-CoV-2 spike protein RBD in PBS |
15 | 0.01–50 | 0.01 | This work |