Fig. 3.

Manhattan plots (on the left) and Q-Q plots (on the right) for GWAS conducted using CMLM (based on BLUP values only) for only four traits, for which MTAs were available afer Bonferroni corrections (for the remaining six traits, no MTAs were available after Bonferroni corrections): significant MTAs on 21 chromosomes can be visualized in Manhattan plots on or above the blue line in each case; MTAs qualifying Bonferroni correction are shown on or above the red line; deviation of observed p values from expected p values (based on null hypothesis) can be visualized on Q-Q plots. ump; indicated unmapped SNP