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. 2023 Apr 19;16:100280. doi: 10.1016/j.ese.2023.100280

Table 1.

The description of 18 selected indicators.

Indicators Description
Air pollution and associated weather-climate conditions
Changes in air quality Analyze the annual changes in various air pollution concentrations in the key regions as well as the national scale during 2015–2020.
Variations in adverse meteorological conditions Quantify the contribution of meteorological factors to the interannual variation in PM2.5 concentration; Analyze the impact of interannual variations of total radiation and relative humidity on the O3 concentration.
Climate change and its impact on air pollution Explore the trend of climate change in China; Summarize the relevant research on the impact of climate change on air pollution; Analyze the impact of future climate change on the uncertainties of air quality prediction.
Progress in structural transition
Transition of the energy structure Present the remarkable achievements in the energy efficiency improvement and low-carbon development.
Transition of the industrial structure Track the remarkable achievements in the industrial optimization and structural upgrade in China.
Transition of the transportation structure Summarize the progress in the transformation of transportation structure, including energy efficiency improvement, clean energy substitution, transportation structure optimization, and urban transportation sustainability.
Progress in air pollution control Summarize the implementation progress of eight key measures in China's air pollution control from 2013 to 2020.
Zero-carbon and carbon-negative technologies Track the overall progress of zero-carbon and carbon-negative technologies in China; Analyze their future development trends considering technical feasibility and economic affordability.
Sources, sinks, and mitigation pathway of atmospheric composition
Anthropogenic CO2 emissions Track the dynamic changes and driving forces of China's CO2 emissions.
Emissions of air pollutants and progress of coordinated control Analyze the trajectories of key air pollutants’ emissions (i.e., SO2, NOx, primary PM2.5, and VOCs) and the progress of synergetic mitigation of CO2 emissions over the last two decades.
Land use change and land carbon sinks Summarize contemporary understandings of the magnitude of China's land carbon sinks; Evaluate the factors affecting the land carbon sink quantification and the impacts of land use change on the land carbon balance.
Future mitigation potentials and synergetic pathway Analyze the synergetic mitigation pathways of China's CO2 and air pollutants emissions based on a series of established future emission scenarios.
Health impacts and benefits of coordinated control
Health impacts of air pollution Analyze the impacts of long-term and short-term PM2.5 and O3 exposures in China on mortality.
Health impacts of climate change Analyze health impacts of different extreme climate events by summarizing the relevant achievements in the field of climate change and health impact.
Health co-benefits of carbon reduction Discuss the public health impacts and co-benefits by reviewing the related studies.
Synergetic governance system and practices
Construction of a synergetic governance system Review the progress in the construction of the synergetic governance system from strategic planning, laws and regulations, and the management system.
Economic policies for synergetic governance Review China's economic policies for synergetic controls of environmental pollution and CO2 emissions in recent years.
Local practices Summarize the progress of city-level air quality improvement and low-carbon practices; Analyze the city-level synergetic achievements of carbon emission reductions and air quality improvements.