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. 2023 May 10;14:1113034. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1113034

FIGURE 1.

FIGURE 1

Inclusion/Exclusion criteria for study. Our institutional database of vascular patients was reviewed for all patients with Vein of Galen Malformation who underwent treatment between 2007 and 2022. Patients were excluded if they had no jugular bulb stenosis on subsequent imaging or if there was inadequate data to perform CFD analysis (either baseline comprehensive echocardiogram data of cardiac output or 4D flow MRI for flow within the malformation).

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