Table 1.
Main characteristics and mean annual inputs of the different FSs in the DOK trial. The biodynamic (BIODYN), bioorganic (BIOORG), and conventional (CONFYM) FSs are maintained at two FI: 0.7 and 1.4 LU fertilization equivalents. LU numbers refer to the organic matter (OM) input before system-specific processing of manure inputs took place. Ntot refers to total nitrogen inputs; Nmin is the sum of NH4+-N and NO3−N from slurry or mineral fertilizer inputs. P refers to phosphorus. Data about mean annual inputs are retrieved from Krause et al. (2022).
| BIODYN | BIOORG | CONFYM | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Manure type | Composted FYM and slurry | Rotted FYM and slurry, small amounts of potassium magnesia | Stacked FYM and slurry | |||
| Mineral fertilizer | – | – | Mineral N, P, K fertilizer according to federal guidelines | |||
| Weed control | Mechanical | Mechanical | Mechanical and herbicides | |||
| Disease control | Indirect | Indirect, copper | Fungicides | |||
| Pest control | Plant extracts, biocontrol | Plant extracts, biocontrol | Insecticides | |||
| Special treatments | Biodynamic preparations | – | Plant growth regulators | |||
| 0.7 LU | 1.4 LU | 0.7 LU | 1.4 LU | 0.7 LU | 1.4 LU | |
| (kg ha−1 yr−1) | (kg ha−1 yr−1) | (kg ha−1 yr−1) | (kg ha −1 yr−1) | (kg ha−1 yr−1) | (kg ha−1 yr−1) | |
| Ntot | 47 | 93 | 48 | 96 | 86 | 171 |
| Nmin | 13 | 26 | 15 | 30 | 57 | 113 |
| P | 12 | 24 | 12 | 24 | 19 | 37 |
| OM | 956 | 1911 | 1016 | 2032 | 1157 | 2314 |