Table 2.
Small vessel disease characteristics in AD stratified by none, mild, moderate and severe CAA groups.
|
All patients with FLAIR (N = 222) |
P value |
All patients with T2-MRI (N = 105) |
P value |
Patients with FLAIR and T2 (N = 95) |
P value | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
No CAA N = 40 |
Mild CAA N = 61 |
Moderate CAA N = 74 |
Severe CAA N = 47 |
No CAA N = 24 |
Mild CAA N-24 |
Moderate CAA N = 33 |
Severe CAA N = 24 |
No CAA N = 22 |
Mild CAA N-22 |
Moderate CAA N = 30 |
Severe CAA N = 21 |
||||
| Fazekas score | |||||||||||||||
| Periventricular WMH (score 0–3), mean (SD) |
1.6 (0.8) | 1.9 (0.8) | 1.7 (0.8) | 2.0 (0.9) | 0.11 | – | – | – | – | – | 1.6 (0.9) | 2.1 (0.8) | 1.7 (0.9) | 2.1 (0.9) | 0.11 |
| Deep WMH (score 0–3),mean (SD) |
1.5 (0.9) | 1.6 (0.8) | 1.3 (0.8) | 1.7 (1.0) | 0.15 | – | – | – | – | – | 1.4 (0.9) | 1.6 (0.8) | 1.3 (0.9) | 1.8 (0.9) | 0.32 |
| Total Fazekas score (0–6),mean (SD) |
3.1 (1.6) | 3.5 (1.5) | 3.0 (1.5) | 3.7 (1.8) | 0.17 | – | – | – | – | – | 3.0 (1.5) | 3.8 (1.5) | 3.1 (1.6) | 3.9 (1.8) | 0.19 |
| Frontal-Occipital Gradient | |||||||||||||||
| Frontal Predominant WMH (score 0–6), mean (SD) |
3.0 (1.4) | 3.1 (1.3) | 3.0 (1.4) | 3.2 (1.5) | 0.93 | – | – | – | – | – | 3.0 (1.5) |
3.0 (1.4) | 3.1 (1.7) | 3.3 (1.5) | 0.94 |
| Occipital Predominant WMH (score 0–6), mean (SD) |
2.0 (1.2) | 2.4 (1.4) | 2.2 (1.4) | 3.0 (1.6) | 0.007* | – | – | – | – | – | 2.0 (1.2) |
2.8 (1.5) | 2.4 (1.5) | 3.4 (1.5) | 0.017* |
| Frontal-Occipital Gradient Score(-6 to 6), mean (SD) |
1.0 (1.1) | 0.7 (1.3) | 0.9 (1.2) | 0.2 (1.1) | 0.009* | – | – | – | – | – | 1.0 (1.1) | 0.2 (1.3) | 0.7 (1.3) | −0.1 (1.2) | 0.01* |
| Obvious Frontal Dominant WMH (FO gradient ≥ 2), n (%) |
14 (35) | 22 (36) | 24 (32) | 5 (11) | 0.02* | – | – | – | – | – | 8 (36) | 5 (23) | 9 (30) | 1 (5) | 0.08 |
| Obvious Occipital Dominant WMH (FO gradient ≤ -2), n (%) | 1 (3) | 2 (3) | 5 (7) | 4 (9) | 0.50 | – | – | – | – | – | 0 (0) | 2 (9) | 2 (7) | 2 (10) | 0.54 |
| WMH Multi-spot pattern, n (%) | 19 (48) | 32 (52) | 30 (41) | 24 (51) | 0.52 | – | – | – | – | – | 10 (45) | 10 (45) | 14 (47) | 13 (62) | 0.64 |
| Lacunes | |||||||||||||||
| Lobar lacunes, n (%) | 5 (13) | 12 (20) | 9 (12) | 12 (26) | 0.21 | – | – | – | – | – | 2 (9) | 5 (23) | 6 (20) | 7 (33) | 0.28 |
| Deep lacunes, n (%) | 7 (18) | 7 (11) | 12 (16) | 10 (21) | 0.58 | – | – | – | – | – | 4 (18) | 2 (9) | 4 (13) | 5 (24) | 0.57 |
| Enlarged Perivascular Spaces (ePVS) | |||||||||||||||
| Centrum semiovale ePVS (score 0–4), mean (SD) |
– | – | – | – | – | 2.5 (1.0) | 2.5 (0.9) | 2.7 (0.8) | 2.6 (1.0) | 0.90 | 2.4 (0.9) | 2.5 (0.9) | 2.7 (0.8) | 2.8 (0.9) | 0.51 |
| Basal ganglia ePVS, (score 0–4), mean (SD) |
– | – | – | – | – | 1.8 (0.8) | 1.7 (0.8) | 1.8 (0.8) | 1.8 (0.6) | 0.90 | 1.7 (0.7) | 1.7 (0.8) | 1.9 (0.8) | 1.8 (0.6) | 0.78 |
| High grade centrum semiovale ePVS, n (%) | – | – | – | – | – | 13 (54) | 15 (63) | 19 (58) | 14 (58) | 0.95 | 11 (50) | 14 (64) | 17 (57) | 14 (67) | 0.68 |
| High grade basal ganglia ePVS,n (%) |
– | – | – | – | – | 4 (17) | 4 (17) | 7 (21) | 2 (8) | 0.63 | 3 (14) | 4 (18) | 7 (23) | 2 (10) | 0.59 |
WMH = White matter hyperintensities; FO = Frontal-Occipital; *P value < 0.05; SD = Standard Deviation; High grade ePVS = ePVS score 3 and 4.