Table 4.

Perceived fulfilment of screening principles within the test/intervention domains (Dobrow et al., 2018), stratified by screening tests.

				Conventional upper endoscopy		Transnasal endoscopy		Non-endoscopic cell-collection devices		Analysis of circulating and exhaled biomarkers
Domain	Screening principle			Currently known limitations		Currently known limitations		Currently known limitations		Currently known limitations
Test/intervention principles	4. Screening test performance characteristics		+/−	•Not affordable •Not efficient •Restricted to secondary care	+/−	•Low uptake •Requirement expensive equipment •Incongruent tolerability	+/−	•Limited uptake in trials •Some individuals’ inability to swallow the device •Test sensitivity	+	•Performance characteristics not validated among the target population •Test specificity
	5. Interpretation of screening test results		+	•Endoscopic and pathological interobserver variability	+	•Limited ability to identify dysplasia (small biopsy size) •Interobserver variability	+	•Chance of unequivocal test results	+/−	•Black box
	6. Post screening test options	Diagnostic follow-up	−	•Unclear if once-only or periodic screening is more effective •Effectiveness of endoscopic surveillance of BE as currently practiced is questionable	−	•Need for confirmatory endoscopy •Similar to conventional endoscopy (effectiveness surveillance/once-only or periodic)	−	•Need for confirmatory endoscopy •Similar to conventional endoscopy (effectiveness surveillance/once-only or periodic)	−	•Need for confirmatory endoscopy •Similar to conventional endoscopy (effectiveness surveillance/once-only or periodic)
		Treatment	++	•Endoscopic therapy is widely available and proven to be effective	++	•Endoscopic therapy is widely available and proven to be effective	++	•Endoscopic therapy is widely available and proven to be effective	++	•Endoscopic therapy is widely available and proven to be effective