Table 2.
Functional and echocardiographic outcomes immediately after procedure and throughout follow-up
| Patients, N = 16 | Preprocedural | Immediately/in-hospital | 3-Mo after procedure | 6-Mo after procedure |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Functional outcome | ||||
| Invasive LAP (mmHg) | 44.38 ± 6.26 | 18.25 ± 3.85 (p < 0.001) | ||
| NYHA-FC III-IV | 16 (100%) | 1 (6.25%) | 1 (6.25%) | 1 (6.25%) |
| Extubation in d 0 | 16 (100%) | |||
| ICU stay (d) | ||||
| 1 d | 13 (81.25%) | |||
| 2 d | 3 (18.75%) | |||
| Total in-hospital stay (d) | ||||
| ≤2 d | 5 (31.25%) | |||
| >2 d | 11 (68.75%) | |||
| Reintervention | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Complications | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Mortality | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Medications | ||||
| Clopidogrel | 13 (81.25%) | 13 (81.25%) | 13 (81.25%) | |
| Anticoagulant (warfarin/apixaban) | 3 (18.75%) | 3 (18.75%) | 3 (18.75%) | |
| Echocardiographic outcome | ||||
| MR severity across the defect | ||||
| No/trivial | 16 (100%) | 16 (100%) | 16 (100%) | |
| Mild (I) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Moderate (II) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Severe (III) | 16 (100%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
| MV Pg (mmHg) | 3.42 ± 0.84 | 4.00 ± 1.07 (p = 0.17) | 4.38 ± 1.46 (p = 0.09) | 4.57 ± 1.41 (p = 0.07) |
| TR severity | ||||
| None/trivial | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
| Mild (I) | 6 (37.5%) | 10 (62.5%) | 10 (62.5%) | 10 (62.5%) |
| Moderate (II) | 8 (50%) | 6 (37.5%) | 6 (37.5%) | 6 (37.5%) |
| Sever (III) | 2 (12.5%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
| eSPAP (mmHg) | 41.0 ± 11.1 | 38.13 ± 9.8 (p = 0.006∗) | 32.88 ± 5.79 (p = 0.016∗) | 32.25 ± 5.12 (p = 0.015∗) |
| LVOT Pg (mmHg) | 1.93 ± 1.33 | 2.3 ± 1.8 (p = 0.2) | 2.13 ± 1.89 (p = 0.49) | 2.19 ± 1.77 (p = 0.45) |
| LVEF (%) | 47.38 ± 10.97 | 48.63 ± 10.93 (p = 0.06) | 51.13 ± 9.69 (p = 0.027) | 51.25 ± 10.01 (p = 0.054) |
| PVF (S/D ratio) | ||||
| Decreased S wave, S/D ratio <1 | 12 (75%) | |||
| Blunted S wave, S/D ratio <1 | 4 (25%) | |||
| Normal S/D ratio >1 | 0 (0%) | 16 (100%) | 16 (100%) | 16 (100%) |
eSPAP, estimated systolic pulmonary artery pressure; ICU, intensive care unit; LAP, left atrial pressure; LVEF, left ventricle ejection fraction; LVOT, left ventricular outflow tract; MR, mitral regurge; MV, mitral valve; NYHA-FC, New York Heart Association Functional Class; Pg, pressure gradient; PVF, pulmonary venous flow; S/D, pulmonary venous systolic/diastolic flow; TR, tricuspid regurge.