Table 2.
Pathogens detected by molecular screening in hippoboscid flies (Diptera: Hippoboscidae) collected from domestic and wild ruminants in Austria
| Host (n) | Hippoboscid flies (n) | Hippoboscids positive to pathogens/total hippoboscids screened per species (% positive) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total infection rate (Positive to ≥ 1 pathogen[s]) | Bartonella | Trypanosomatida | Anaplasmataceae | Borrelia | Filarioidea | Piroplasmida | ||
| Cattle (n = 25) | Hippobosca equina (n = 62) | 14/62 (22.5%)a | 12/62 (19.3%)a | 3/62 (4.8%)a | 0/62 | 0/62 | 0/62 | 0/62 |
| Sheep (n = 3) | Melophagus ovinus (n = 100) | 96/100 (96%)b | 54/100 (54%)b | 87/100 (87%)b | 16/100 (16%) | 1/100 (100%) | 0/100 | 0/100 |
| Red deer (n = 12) | Lipoptena cervi (n = 120) | 43/120 (35.8%)a | 38/120 (31.6%)a | 6/120 (5%)a | 0/120 | 0/120 | 1/120 (0.8%) | 0/120 |
a,bDifferent letters within the same column (pathogen) represent statistically significant differences in the proportion of pathogen-positive individuals between hippoboscid species (P < 0.05)