Table 1.
Descriptive statistics of all US Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries aged >65 living in the contiguous US.
| Demographics at study entry | |
|---|---|
|
| |
| Individual-level covariates | N (%) |
|
| |
| Sex | |
| Female | 33,985,877 (55.2) |
| Male | 27,626,594 (44.8) |
| Age | |
| 65–74 years | 47,199,810 (76.6) |
| 75–84 years | 10,571,973 (17.2) |
| 85+ years | 3,840,688 (6.2) |
| Race | |
| White | 51,998,567 (84.4) |
| Black | 5,418,919 (8.8) |
| Other/unknown | 4,194,985 (6.8) |
| Medicaid Eligibility | |
| Not eligible | 53,950,444 (87.6) |
| Eligible | 7,662,027 (12.4) |
| Aggregated data (2000–2016) a | |
| Zip code-level covariates | Median (IQR) |
| Temperature | |
| Summer average temperature (◦ C) | 29.8 (5.2) |
| Winter average temperature (◦C) | 8.4 (11.8) |
| US census covariates | |
| Population density (persons/mile2) | 629.5 (3068.4) |
| Median home value ($1000) | 144.3 (148.4) |
| Median household income ($1000) | 46.6 (25.3) |
| % with less than a high school degree | 24.5 (21.4) |
| % below the poverty level | 8.5 (8.0) |
| % owner-occupied housing units | 71.4 (21.9) |
| % Black | 3.9 (13.7) |
| % Hispanic | 5.3 (14.3) |
| BRFSS covariates | |
| % ever smoked | 46.2 (9.1) |
| Average BMI | 27.4 (1.3) |
| Other environmental exposures | |
| Summer average max relative humidity (%) | 90.3 (10.9) |
| Winter average max relative humidity (%) | 86.0 (9.4) |
a
Descriptive statistics of the zip code level covariates are given for the strata (aggregated data based on zip code, year, sex, race, Medicaid eligibility, 2-year categories of age at study entry and year of follow-up).