Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of the study population
| Variable | Total population (n = 1895) | Female (n = 910) | Male (n = 985) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | 73.2 (±10.4) | 73.5 (±10.8) | 72.9 (±10.0) | 0.277 |
| Arterial hypertension (%) | 1515 (80.2%) | 733 (80.8%) | 782 (79.6%) | 0.491 |
| Dyslipidemia (%) | 1411 (74.7%) | 675 (74.5%) | 736 (74.9%) | 0.824 |
| Diabetes mellitus (%) | 654 (34.6%) | 332 (36.6%) | 322 (32.8%) | 0.079 |
| Current smoker (%) | 161 (8.9%) | 41 (4.7%) | 120 (12.7%) | <0.001 |
| Obesity (%) | 349 (18.9%) | 196 (22.2%) | 153 (15.8%) | <0.001 |
| CAD (%) | 848 (44.8%) | 349 (38.4%) | 499 (50.8%) | <0.001 |
| Previous MI (%) | 358 (18.9%) | 138 (15.2%) | 220 (22.4%) | <0.001 |
| Atrial fibrillation (%) | 555 (29.3%) | 286 (31.5%) | 269 (27.4%) | 0.049 |
| Previous stroke (%) | 289 (15.3%) | 126 (13.9%) | 163 (16.6%) | 0.102 |
| COPD (%) | 138 (7.3%) | 36 (4.0%) | 102 (10.4%) | <0.001 |
| NYHA class II-IV (%) | 794 (42.4%) | 374 (41.6%) | 420 (43.1%) | 0.506 |
| NYHA class III-IV (%) | 306 (16.3%) | 134 (14.9%) | 172 (17.7%) | 0.107 |
| Angina (%) | 167 (8.9%) | 56 (6.2%) | 111 (11.4%) | <0.001 |
| Syncope (%) | 31 (1.7%) | 12 (1.3%) | 19 (1.9%) | 0.298 |
| Beta-blocker (%) | 938 (49.8%) | 454 (50.3%) | 484 (49.3%) | 0.668 |
| ACEi or ARB (%) | 948 (50.3%) | 426 (47.2%) | 522 (53.2%) | 0.009 |
| MRA (%) | 108 (5.8%) | 48 (5.3%) | 60 (6.1%) | 0.463 |
| Diuretic (%) | 666 (35.3%) | 321 (35.5%) | 345 (35.1%) | 0.850 |
| CCB (%) | 740 (39.3%) | 387 (42.9%) | 353 (35.9%) | 0.002 |
| Statin (%) | 1320 (70.0%) | 606 (67.1%) | 714 (72.7%) | 0.008 |
| Aspirin (%) | 884 (46.9%) | 386 (42.7%) | 498 (50.7%) | 0.001 |
| Oral anticoagulation (%) | 388 (20.6%) | 183 (20.3%) | 205 (20.9%) | 0.743 |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 67.2 (43.6-87.7) | 65.1 (41.0-87.9) | 69.1 (47.4-87.4) | 0.256 |
| Hemoglobin, g/dL | 12.5 (11.0-13.7) | 12.1 (10.7-13.1) | 13.1 (11.3-14.4) | <0.001 |
Notes. Values are presented as mean ± SD, median (IQR) or n (%). Obesity is defined as a body mass index ≥30 kg/m2.
ACEi, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; CAD, coronary artery disease; CCB, calcium channel blocker; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; IQR, interquartile range; MI, myocardial infarction; MRA, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist; NYHA, New York Heart Association.