Table 2.
Studies on various echo modalities and their rules on MVP characterization
| Study | Modality | Patients | Findings |
|---|---|---|---|
| García-Orta et al.44 | 2D-TEE-3D-TEE vs surgical findings | MVP-MR undergo surgery | 3D accurately classified A1 segment defects, commissural dysfunction. The 2D study incorrectly classified 22 segments, mainly corresponding to complex disease. |
| Delabays et al.45 | 3D-reconstruction TEE vs surgery | MVP + severe MR | Excellent correspond between echocardiographic localization of prolapse and surgery inspection Excellent correspond between echocardiographic volume of prolapse and surgically resected tissue |
| Sharma et al.46 | 2D-TEE RT-3D-TEE vs surgical findings |
MR undergo surgery | Both modalities were accurate without significant difference |
| Gutiérrez-Chico et al.47 | 2D-TEE vs 3D-TTE | MVP patients | Segmental analysis is feasible on both modalities with same accuracy |
| Pepi et al.51 | 2D-TTE, 3D-TTE before surgery 2D-TEE, 3D-TEE during surgery |
MVP patients with severe MR | Accuracy in diagnose MV lesion: 3D-TEE (95.6%) > 3D-TTE (90%) and 2D-TEE (87%) > 2D-TTE (77%) |
| La Canna et al.121 | 2D-TTE, RT-3D-TTE, 2D-TEE, RT-3D-TEE vs. surgical findings | MVP-MR undergo surgery | Accuracy in characterized the MV anatomy and identification of prolapse: RT-3D-TEE (92%) > 2D-TEE (78%) > RT-3D-TTE (52%) > 2D TTE (35%) |
| Akhter et al.122 | 2D-TEE, 2D-TTE, 3D-MPR Assess the agreement with surgery |
MVP who underwent MV repair or replacement | 3D-MPR + 2D-TTE: moderately strong agreement for the A2 strong for the A3 AML, P2, PML. 2D-TEE: Moderately strong agreement for A2, AML strong agreement for the P2, PML |
| Manda et al.123 | 2D-TEE and RT-3D-TEE vs surgical findings | Flail MV + MR/undergo surgery | 3D-TEE was superior 2D-TEE in the evaluation of MVP and associated ruptured chordae |
| Grewal et al.48 | 2D-TEE RT-3D-TEE vs surgical findings |
MR undergo MV repair | 3D-TEE imaging was superior to 2D-TEE imaging in the diagnosis of P1, A2, A3, and bileaflet disease |
Abbreviations: MPR, multiplanar reconstruction; MR, mitral regurgitation; MV, mitral valve; MVP, mitral valve prolapse; TEE, transesophageal echocardiography; TTE, transthoracic echocardiography.