Table 2.

Impact of various antidiabetic agents on the burden of atrial fibrillation and coronary artery disease and their surrogate endpoints

Antidiabetic drug class	Impact on AF burden/ surrogate end points	Impact on CAD burden/ surrogate end points
Insulin[71]	Increased (↑)	Neutral or increased (-/↑)
Metformin[72]	Reduced (↓)	Reduced (↓)
Sulfonylureas[71]	Neutral (-/↑)	Increased (↑↑)
Thiazolidinediones[73]	Reduced or neutral (-/↓)	Increased (↑↑)
DPP-4 inhibitors[74]	Reduced (-/↓)	Reduced (↓)
GLP-1 receptor agonists[75]	Neutral or slightly increased (-/↑)	Reduced (↓↓)
SGLT-2 inhibitors[76]	Reduced (↓↓)	Reduced (↓↓↓)

AF: Atrial fibrillation; CAD: Coronary artery disease; DPP-4: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4; GLP-1: Glucagon-like peptide 1; SGLT-2: Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2.