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. 2023 May 15;15(5):828–842. doi: 10.4251/wjgo.v15.i5.828

Table 2.

Incidence rates, hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals of liver cancer, stratified by sex, age, comorbidities and medications, comparing LipoCol Forte capsules users with non-LipoCol Forte capsules users

Non-LFC users
LFC users
Crude
Adjusted
Variable
Event
Person-years
IR
Event
Person-years
IR
cHR
95%CI
P value
aHR1
95%CI
P value
Overall 3848 186604 20.62 3700 192122 19.26 0.89 (0.85, 0.94)c < 0.001 0.91 (0.86, 0.95)c < 0.001
Sex
    Female 1416 91487 15.48 1267 94190 13.45 0.83 (0.77, 0.9)c < 0.001 0.87 (0.8, 0.94)c < 0.001
    Male 2432 95117 25.57 2433 97932 24.84 0.93 (0.88, 0.99)a 0.014 0.93 (0.87, 0.98)b 0.008
Age (yr)
    20-29 11 1884 5.84 9 2054 4.38 0.67 (0.27, 1.68) 0.396 0.61 (0.24, 1.59) 0.313
    30-39 68 8881 7.66 77 9854 7.81 0.96 (0.69, 1.34) 0.827 0.79 (0.56, 1.11) 0.178
    40-49 285 22392 12.73 290 23617 12.28 0.95 (0.8, 1.12) 0.508 0.91 (0.77, 1.07) 0.249
    > 50 3484 153447 22.71 3324 156597 21.23 0.89 (0.85, 0.94)c < 0.001 0.91 (0.87, 0.95)c < 0.001
Comorbidities
    Hypertension    
    No 1169 69398 16.85 1281 73107 17.52 1 (0.92, 1.08) 0.910 0.93 (0.86, 1.01) 0.090
    Yes 2679 117206 22.86 2419 119015 20.33 0.85 (0.81, 0.9)c < 0.001 0.89 (0.84, 0.94)c < 0.001
    Coronary heart disease    
    No 2455 124923 19.65 2413 130037 18.56 0.9 (0.85, 0.95)c < 0.001 0.88 (0.84, 0.94)c < 0.001
    Yes 1393 61681 22.58 1287 62085 20.73 0.89 (0.83, 0.96)b 0.004 0.94 (0.87, 1.02) 0.143
    Ischemic stroke    
    No 3002 149577 20.07 2983 154633 19.29 0.92 (0.87, 0.97)b 0.001 0.91 (0.86, 0.96)c < 0.001
    Yes 846 37027 22.85 717 37489 19.13 0.8 (0.73, 0.89)c < 0.001 0.9 (0.81, 0.99)a 0.033
    Hemorrhagic stroke    
    No 3738 182382 20.50 3586 187046 19.17 0.89 (0.85, 0.94)c < 0.001 0.9 (0.86, 0.95)c < 0.001
    Yes 110 4222 26.05 114 5076 22.46 0.86 (0.66, 1.12) 0.265 1 (0.76, 1.32) 0.992
    Diabetes mellitus    
    No 2023 119363 16.95 1972 124172 15.88 0.9 (0.84, 0.96)c < 0.001 0.89 (0.84, 0.95)c < 0.001
    Yes 1825 67241 27.14 1728 67950 25.43 0.9 (0.84, 0.96)b 0.001 0.92 (0.86, 0.98)a 0.010
    Hyperlipidemia    
    No 1986 92314 21.51 1980 98628 20.08 0.9 (0.84, 0.96)c < 0.001 0.89 (0.83, 0.94)c < 0.001
    Yes 1862 94290 19.75 1720 93494 18.40 0.89 (0.83, 0.95)c < 0.001 0.93 (0.87, 1)a 0.040
    Renal insufficiency    
    No 3319 165852 20.01 3221 170964 18.84 0.9 (0.86, 0.95)c < 0.001 0.9 (0.85, 0.94)c < 0.001
    Yes 529 20752 25.49 479 21158 22.64 0.86 (0.76, 0.97)a 0.016 0.96 (0.85, 1.1) 0.580
    Cirrhosis    
    No 2514 174893 14.38 2314 180074 12.85 0.84 (0.8, 0.89)c < 0.001 0.83 (0.79, 0.88)c < 0.001
    Yes 1334 11711 113.91 1386 12048 115.04 0.98 (0.91, 1.06) 0.606 1 (0.93, 1.08) 0.921
    Alcoholic liver damage    
    No 3297 173575 19.00 3164 178842 17.69 0.89 (0.84, 0.93)c < 0.001 0.88 (0.84, 0.93)c < 0.001
    Yes 551 13029 42.29 536 13281 40.36 0.95 (0.85, 1.07) 0.432 1 (0.88, 1.13) 0.970
    Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease    
    No 3553 177753 19.99 3404 182155 18.69 0.89 (0.85, 0.94)c < 0.001 0.9 (0.86, 0.94)c < 0.001
    Yes 295 8851 33.33 296 9967 29.70 0.86 (0.73, 1.01) 0.06 0.92 (0.78, 1.09) 0.322
    HBV infection    
    No 2604 170246 15.30 2501 175001 14.29 0.89 (0.84, 0.94)c < 0.001 0.88 (0.83, 0.93)c < 0.001
    Yes 1244 16359 76.05 1199 17121 70.03 0.89 (0.82, 0.96)b 0.003 0.91 (0.84, 0.99)a 0.025
    HCV infection    
    No 2784 176772 15.75 2658 181323 14.66 0.89 (0.84, 0.94)c < 0.001 0.88 (0.83, 0.93)c < 0.001
    Yes 1064 9832 108.22 1042 10799 96.49 0.85 (0.78, 0.92)c < 0.001 0.9 (0.82, 0.98)a 0.016
Medication
    Statins    
    No 2693 120440 22.36 2681 125954 21.29 0.91 (0.87, 0.97)b 0.001 0.91 (0.86, 0.96)c < 0.001
    Yes 1155 66164 17.46 1019 66168 15.40 0.84 (0.77, 0.92)c < 0.001 0.92 (0.84, 1) 0.058
    Non-statin lipid-lowering drugs    
    No 3203 151343 21.16 3080 157120 19.60 0.89 (0.85, 0.93)c < 0.001 0.9 (0.86, 0.95)c < 0.001
    Yes 645 35261 18.29 620 35003 17.71 0.92 (0.82, 1.03) 0.135 0.94 (0.84, 1.05) 0.295
    Aspirin    
    No 1947 101738 19.14 1935 105708 18.31 0.91 (0.86, 0.97)b 0.004 0.88 (0.83, 0.94)c < 0.001
    Yes 1901 84866 22.40 1765 86414 20.43 0.88 (0.82, 0.94)c < 0.001 0.93 (0.87, 1)a 0.043
    HBV treatment    
    No 2971 179610 16.54 2788 184920 15.08 0.87 (0.82, 0.91)c < 0.001 0.83 (0.79, 0.88)c < 0.001
    Yes 877 6994 125.40 912 7203 126.62 0.97 (0.89, 1.07) 0.592 0.99 (0.9, 1.09) 0.807
    HCV treatment    
    No 3843 186594 20.60 3697 192084 19.25 0.89 (0.86, 0.94)c < 0.001 0.91 (0.87, 0.95)c < 0.001
    Yes 5 10 487.00 3 39 77.83 0.21 (0.04, 1.07) 0.060 NA NA 1
    Metformin    
    No 2471 140106 17.64 2413 145474 16.59 0.9 (0.85, 0.96)c < 0.001 0.9 (0.85, 0.95)c < 0.001
    Yes 1377 46498 29.61 1287 46648 27.59 0.89 (0.82, 0.96)b 0.002 0.92 (0.85, 0.99)a 0.033
    Thiazolidinediones    
    No 3453 173105 19.95 3331 178541 18.66 0.89 (0.85, 0.94)c < 0.001 0.91 (0.87, 0.95)c < 0.001
    Yes 395 13499 29.26 369 13581 27.17 0.9 (0.78, 1.04) 0.141 0.89 (0.77, 1.03) 0.110
1

Adjusted in multivariate analysis by sex, age, comorbidities and medications.

a

P < 0.05.

b

P < 0.01.

c

P < 0.001.

LFC: LipoCol Forte capsules; IR: Incidence rate per 1000 person-years; cHR: Crude hazard ratio; aHR: Adjusted hazard ratio; HBV: Hepatitis B virus; HCV: Hepatitis C virus; NA: Not available.