Table 1.
Demographic data, relevant clinical characteristics, and skeletal muscle abnormalities of patients in the study
|
Variables
|
All patients (n = 108)
|
Non-HE (n = 59)
|
HE (n = 49)
|
P value
|
| Age (years) | 53.0 ± 10.8 | 50.3 ± 9.6 | 56.2 ± 11.5 | 0.005a |
| Gender (male), n, % | 84 (77.8) | 47 (79.7) | 37 (75.5) | 0.605 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 20.99 ± 2.59 | 21.00 ± 2.58 | 20.96 ± 2.63 | 0.856 |
| Etiology (n, %) | ||||
| Viral hepatitis | 74 (68.5) | 42 (71.2) | 32 (65.3) | 0.512 |
| Others | 34 (31.5) | 17 (28.8) | 17 (34.7) | |
| Ascites (n, %) | ||||
| Yes | 74 (68.5) | 41 (69.5) | 33 (67.3) | 0.811 |
| No | 34 (31.5) | 18 (30.5) | 16 (32.7) | |
| Child-Pugh score | 7.4 ± 1.5 | 6.9 ± 1.2 | 7.9 ± 1.8 | 0.002a |
| Child-Pugh class A/B/C (n) | 38/59/11 | 25/30/4 | 13/29/7 | 0.155 |
| MELD score | 11.0 ± 4.4 | 9.3 ± 3.8 | 13.0 ± 4.3 | < 0.001a |
| NLR | 4.4 ± 4.1 | 3.9 ± 4.5 | 4.9 ± 3.5 | 0.015a |
| TBIL (umol/L) | 22.8 ± 12.9 | 19.1 ± 9.4 | 27.3 ± 15.0 | 0.003a |
| ALT (U/L) | 27.5 ± 19.7 | 27.1 ± 16.9 | 28.0 ± 22.8 | 0.610 |
| AST (U/L) | 37.8 ± 28.6 | 32.0 ± 16.5 | 44.9 ± 37.4 | 0.071 |
| Albumin (g/L) | 32.6 ± 5.0 | 33.2 ± 5.3 | 31.9 ± 4.7 | 0.161 |
| Creatinine (umol/L) | 67.8 ± 25.7 | 66.6 ± 23.4 | 69.1 ± 28.5 | 0.858 |
| Reduction of PPG (%) | 53.7 ± 9.1 | 51.5 ± 9.1 | 56.5 ± 8.5 | 0.004a |
| PMA (HU) | 43.5 ± 6.9 | 46.3 ± 6.6 | 40.2 ± 5.7 | < 0.001a |
| Myosteatosis | 35 (32.4) | 10 (16.9) | 25 (51.0) | < 0.001a |
| No myosteatosis | 73 (67.6) | 49 (83.1) | 24 (49.0) | |
| TPMT (mm/m) | 11.6 ± 3.1 | 12.6 ± 2.9 | 10.4 ± 3.1 | < 0.001a |
| Sarcopenia | 31 (28.7) | 11 (18.6) | 20 (40.8) | 0.011a |
| No sarcopenia | 77 (71.3) | 48 (81.4) | 29 (59.2) |
a
P < 0.05.
HE: Hepatic encephalopathy; BMI: Body mass index; MELD: Model for end-stage liver disease; NLR: Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio; TBIL: Total bilirubin; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate transaminase; PPG: Portosystemic pressure gradient; PMA: Psoas muscle attenuation; TPMT: Transversal psoas muscle thickness; HU: Hounsfield units.