Table 1.
Characteristics of the study participants.
| Variable | Totaln = 1,278 | Older adults in community dwellingsn = 608 | Older adults in nursing homesn = 670 | χ2 or t | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 136.025 | <0.001 | |||
| 60–69 | 491 (38.4) | 307 (50.5) | 184 (27.5) | ||
| 70–79 | 445 (34.8) | 226 (37.2) | 219 (32.7) | ||
| 80- | 342 (26.8) | 75 (12.3) | 267 (39.9) | ||
| Sex | 0.378 | 0.539 | |||
| Male | 554 (43.3) | 269 (44.2) | 285 (42.5) | ||
| Female | 724 (56.7) | 339 (55.8) | 385 (57.5) | ||
| Education | 19.688 | <0.001 | |||
| Primary or below | 687 (53.8) | 292 (48.0) | 395 (59.0) | ||
| Middle | 308 (24.1) | 152 (25.0) | 156 (23.3) | ||
| High or above | 283 (22.1) | 164 (27.0) | 119 (17.7) | ||
| Marital status | 123.843 | <0.001 | |||
| Married | 762 (59.6) | 460 (75.7) | 302 (45.1) | ||
| Others | 516 (40.4) | 148 (24.3) | 368 (54.9) | ||
| Monthly income (RMB) | 167.588 | <0.001 | |||
| 0–2,999 | 376 (29.4) | 135 (22.2) | 241 (36.0) | ||
| 3,000–4,999 | 468 (36.6) | 162 (26.6) | 306 (45.7) | ||
| 5,000–9,999 | 323 (25.3) | 219 (36.0) | 104 (15.5) | ||
| 10,000- | 111 (8.7) | 92 (15.1) | 19 (2.8) | ||
| Number of children | 0.350 | 0.983 | |||
| 0 | 23 (1.8) | 11 (1.8) | 12 (1.8) | ||
| 1–2 | 1,057 (82.7) | 499 (82.1) | 558 (83.3) | ||
| 3- | 198 (15.5) | 98 (16.1) | 100 (14.9) | ||
| Having chronic diseases | 76.811 | <0.001 | |||
| No | 309 (24.2) | 214 (35.2) | 95 (14.2) | ||
| Yes | 969 (75.8) | 394 (64.8) | 575 (85.8) | ||
| Structural social capital | |||||
| Social participation | 0.000 | 0.987 | |||
| Low | 645 (50.5) | 307 (50.5) | 338 (50.4) | ||
| High | 633 (49.5) | 301 (49.5) | 332 (49.6) | ||
| Social support | 131.215 | <0.001 | |||
| Low | 629 (49.2) | 197 (32.4) | 432 (64.5) | ||
| High | 649 (50.8) | 411 (67.6) | 238 (35.5) | ||
| Social connection | 31.440 | <0.001 | |||
| Low | 1,167 (91.3) | 527 (86.68) | 640 (95.52) | ||
| High | 111 (8.7) | 81 (13.32) | 30 (4.48) | ||
| Cognitive social capital | |||||
| Trust | 115.351 | <0.001 | |||
| Low | 854 (66.8) | 316 (52.0) | 538 (80.3) | ||
| High | 424 (33.2) | 292 (48.0) | 132 (19.7) | ||
| Cohesion | 142.136 | <0.001 | |||
| Low | 750 (58.7) | 252 (41.4) | 498 (74.3) | ||
| High | 528 (41.3) | 356 (58.6) | 172 (25.7) | ||
| Reciprocity | 111.170 | <0.001 | |||
| Low | 548 (43.0) | 168 (27.6) | 381 (56.9) | ||
| High | 729 (57.0) | 440 (72.4) | 289 (43.1) | ||
| Loneliness | 15.67 ± 5.69 | 13.78 ± 5.38 | 17.40 ± 5.40 | −11.982 | <0.001 |