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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Public Econ. 2023 Mar 17;221:104860. doi: 10.1016/j.jpubeco.2023.104860

Table 2 –

Baseline Regressions for Total Utilization of Chronic Drugs, for Non-Elderly

First Stage
 Reduced Form
 2SLS
Dependent Variable: Views per Person (Non-Elderly) # of Prescriptions # of Prescriptions
(1) (2) (3)
A. Instrument=Share65+ * Post
Share65+*Post 6.358***
(1.116)		 0.107***
(0.023)
Views per Person (Non-Elderly) 0.017***
(0.004)
F-statistic 32.69
B. Instrument=High Elderly Share *Post
High Elderly Share*Post 0.348***
(0.063)		 0.005***
(0.001)
Views per Person (Non-Elderly) 0.014***
(0.005)
F-statistic 30.86
Mean of Dep. Var. (pre- Part D) 4.28 0.11 0.11
Zipcode x Condition x Quarter Obs 107,345 107,345 107,345

Notes:

***

p<0.01,

**

p<0.05,

*

p<0.1. Clustered standard errors at the ZIP code level; all specifications include quarter fixed effects, 3-digit ZIP code fixed effects, condition fixed effects. Includes the 50 drugs that advertised during the study period for 5 chronic conditions: depression, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and osteoporosis. Data is from 2004–2010.