Figure 5.

Simulation results of designs for finding one MTD, based on 3000 random scenarios of the (i) 2 × 4 combination trial with 27 patients; (ii) 2 × 4 combination trial with 36 patients; (iii) 3 × 5 combination trial with 48 patients; and (iv) 4 × 4 combination trial with 48 patients. Five designs were included: the 3+3 design, the two-dimensional Bayesian logistic regression method (BLRM)³², the partial ordering continual reassessment method (POCRM)²⁰, the copula regression method³⁴, and the Bayesian optimal interval (BOIN) combination design²⁵. The target DLT rate was 0.25, and the overdoses were defined as the dose combinations with DLT rates greater than 0.33. The boxplot displays the minimum, the maximum, the sample median, and the 1^st and 3^rd quartiles. The number indicates the sample mean.