Table 3. Factors associated with Lassa maternal IgG seropositivity at baseline or delivery.
Factor | N | n | OR crude [95% CI] |
P crude | OR adjusted a [95% CI] |
P adjusteda |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 240 | 119 | 1·02 [0·98–1·08] | 0·294 | — | — |
GA at enrolmentb (weeks) | 234 | 116 | 0·98 [0·95–1·02] | 0·259 | — | — |
Parity | 240 | 119 | 1·15 [1·01–1·32] | 0·040 | 1·13 [0·96–1·32] | 0·128 |
Lives in a rural area | ||||||
No | 110 | 62 | 1·66 [1·00–2·79] | 0·050 | 1·42 [0·89–2·68] | 0·126 |
Yes | 130 | 57 | Reference | Reference | ||
Educational level | ||||||
Post-secondary | 167 | 77 | Reference | Reference | ||
No Post-secondary | 73 | 42 | 1·67 [0·95–2·98] | 0·075 | 1·25 [0·66–2·40] | 0·397 |
Occupation | ||||||
Student | 15 | 8 | Reference | |||
Housewife | 39 | 20 | 1·20 [0·36–4·05] | — | — | |
Health professional | 25 | 8 | 0·53 [0·14–2·01] | 0·651c | — | — |
Informal Sector | 100 | 54 | 1·37 [0·45–4·18] | — | — | |
Formal Sector | 61 | 29 | 1·09 [0·35–3·49] | — | — | |
Knowledge of LF | ||||||
Good | 30 | 11 | Reference | Reference | ||
Poor | 210 | 108 | 1·83 [0·84–4·17] | 0·132 | 1·87 [0·81–4·48] | 0·146 |
Exposure to rodents | ||||||
No | 49 | 17 | Reference | Reference | ||
Yes | 191 | 102 | 2·14 [1·13–4·20] | 0·022 | 2·32 [1·18–4·70] | 0·015 |
Possible exposure to LF patients | ||||||
Unlikely | 226 | 114 | Reference | — | — | |
Likely | 14 | 5 | 0·53 [0·16–1·58] | 0·269 | — | — |
Fever during pregnancy | ||||||
No | 198 | 94 | Reference | — | — | |
Yes | 42 | 25 | 1·60 [0·83–3·20] | 0·174 | — | — |
Positive history of Lassa fever | ||||||
No | 235 | 116 | Reference | — | — | |
Yes | 5 | 3 | 1·52 [0·25–11·7] | 0·651 | — | — |
Malaria during pregnancy | ||||||
No | 143 | 65 | Reference | Reference | ||
Yes | 97 | 54 | 1·52 [0·90–2·55] | 0·118 | 1·60 [0·91–2·85] | 0·103 |
Hypertension | ||||||
No | 235 | 116 | Reference | — | — | |
Yes | 5 | 3 | 1·46 [0·24–11·3] | 0·680 | — | — |
Pregnancy-induced hypertension | ||||||
No | 232 | 114 | Reference | — | — | |
Yes | 8 | 5 | 1·76 [0·42–8·76] | 0·447 | — | — |
Diabetes Mellitus d | ||||||
No | 231 | 117 | Reference | Reference | ||
Yes | 9 | 2 | 0·28 [0·04–1·19] | 0·119 | 0·30 [0·02–1·01] | 0·104 |
HIV–infected | ||||||
No | 226 | 107 | Reference | Reference | ||
Yes | 14 | 12 | 7·01 [1·84–45·9] | 0·012 | 5·16 [1·22–36·4] | 0·046 |
Note: For statistical significance, Bonferroni p <0·005; CI- confidence interval; GA- gestational age; LF- Lassa fever; n- number of seropositive women; N- total number of women who were enrolled into the study (240); OR- odds ratio.
a Adjusted for factors which were marginally significant in the univariate regression (crude p<0·25), except collinear terms.
b Data missing for 6 women.
c Overall P value.
d None of the women with gestational diabetes were seropositive thus diabetes is evaluated as one group to prevent separation in the model.