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. 2023 May 22;17(5):e0011354. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011354

Table 3. Factors associated with Lassa maternal IgG seropositivity at baseline or delivery.

Factor N n OR crude
[95% CI]
P crude OR adjusted a
[95% CI]
P adjusteda
Age (years) 240 119 1·02 [0·98–1·08] 0·294
GA at enrolmentb (weeks) 234 116 0·98 [0·95–1·02] 0·259
Parity 240 119 1·15 [1·01–1·32] 0·040 1·13 [0·96–1·32] 0·128
Lives in a rural area
No 110 62 1·66 [1·00–2·79] 0·050 1·42 [0·89–2·68] 0·126
Yes 130 57 Reference Reference
Educational level
Post-secondary 167 77 Reference Reference
No Post-secondary 73 42 1·67 [0·95–2·98] 0·075 1·25 [0·66–2·40] 0·397
Occupation
Student 15 8 Reference
Housewife 39 20 1·20 [0·36–4·05]
Health professional 25 8 0·53 [0·14–2·01] 0·651c
Informal Sector 100 54 1·37 [0·45–4·18]
Formal Sector 61 29 1·09 [0·35–3·49]
Knowledge of LF
Good 30 11 Reference Reference
Poor 210 108 1·83 [0·84–4·17] 0·132 1·87 [0·81–4·48] 0·146
Exposure to rodents
No 49 17 Reference Reference
Yes 191 102 2·14 [1·13–4·20] 0·022 2·32 [1·18–4·70] 0·015
Possible exposure to LF patients
Unlikely 226 114 Reference
Likely 14 5 0·53 [0·16–1·58] 0·269
Fever during pregnancy
No 198 94 Reference
Yes 42 25 1·60 [0·83–3·20] 0·174
Positive history of Lassa fever
No 235 116 Reference
Yes 5 3 1·52 [0·25–11·7] 0·651
Malaria during pregnancy
No 143 65 Reference Reference
Yes 97 54 1·52 [0·90–2·55] 0·118 1·60 [0·91–2·85] 0·103
Hypertension
No 235 116 Reference
Yes 5 3 1·46 [0·24–11·3] 0·680
Pregnancy-induced hypertension
No 232 114 Reference
Yes 8 5 1·76 [0·42–8·76] 0·447
Diabetes Mellitus d
No 231 117 Reference Reference
Yes 9 2 0·28 [0·04–1·19] 0·119 0·30 [0·02–1·01] 0·104
HIV–infected
No 226 107 Reference Reference
Yes 14 12 7·01 [1·84–45·9] 0·012 5·16 [1·22–36·4] 0·046

Note: For statistical significance, Bonferroni p <0·005; CI- confidence interval; GA- gestational age; LF- Lassa fever; n- number of seropositive women; N- total number of women who were enrolled into the study (240); OR- odds ratio.

a Adjusted for factors which were marginally significant in the univariate regression (crude p<0·25), except collinear terms.

b Data missing for 6 women.

c Overall P value.

d None of the women with gestational diabetes were seropositive thus diabetes is evaluated as one group to prevent separation in the model.