Table 2.
Primary Outcomes and key secondary outcomes of participants with COVID-19 related acute respiratory distress syndrome (CARDS) who had received 90 days of either exercise training rehabilitation (ETR) or standard physiotherapy (SP) following discharge from intensive care.
| Baseline (day 0) |
Day 90 |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ETR (n = 27) | SP (n = 33) | ETR (n = 27) | SP (n = 33) | Difference | p-value | |
| MDP subcategory | ||||||
| Total score | 47.56 (16.10) | 48.64 (24.35) | 26.15 (15.48) | 44.76 (19.25) | −18.61 (−27.78 to −9.44) |
<0.0001 |
| Breathing discomfort | 5.33 (1.94) | 5.21 (1.85) | 3.44 (2.10) | 5.18 (2.02) | −1.74 (−2.81 to −0.67) |
0.0006 |
| Sensory dimension | 18.96 (7.66) | 20.45 (12.64) | 10.59 (8.90) | 20.52 (9.33) | −9.92 (−14.67 to −5.18) |
<0.0001 |
| Emotional response | 22.89 (11.67) | 22.97 (13.17) | 12.11 (9.88) | 19.06 (11.82) | −6.95 (−12.66 to −1.24) |
0.0140 |
| mMRC | 2.37 (0.63) | 2.30 (0.59) | 1.33 (0.62) | 2.09 (1.10) | −0.76 (−1.21 to −0.30) |
0.001 |
| SF-12 | ||||||
| Total score | 74.52 (13.10) | 70.47 (11.21) | 83.36 (14.97) | 75.13 (15.79) | 8.24 (0.22 to 16.25) |
0.14 |
| Physical component | 35.10 (6.55) | 31.45 (5.98) | 39.76 (8.57) | 32.80 (8.15) | 6.95 (2.62 to 11.29) |
0.016 |
| Mental component | 40.57 (8.46) | 39.03 (10.80) | 45.08 (11.05) | 43.02 (10.88) | 2.06 (−3.63 to 7.75) |
0.72 |
Data are mean (SD). Differences are expressed as means (95% CI); MDP, Multidimensional Dyspnoea Profile. Scores range from 0 to 110 with a higher score indicating greater breathlessness: 0–10 for breathing discomfort, 0–50 for the sensory dimension, and 0–50 for the emotional response; mMRC, modified Medical Research Council dyspnoea scale. Scores range from 0 to 4 with a higher score indicating a greater severity of dyspnoea; SF-12, 12-Item Short Form Survey. Both physical and mental components of this scale have a mean score of 50 (SD 10). Lower scores on each component indicate greater disability: <30 for a severe disability, ≥30 - <40 for a moderate disability, ≥40 - <50 for a mild disability and ≥50 no disability.