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. 2023 Jun 2;102(22):e33928. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000033928

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Copyright © 2023 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

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Figure 2. — Semiquantitative grading of right-to-left shunt in contrast transthoracic echocardiography; (A) Grade 0_TTE = negative; (B) Grade I_TTE = 1 to 10 microbubbles (arrow); (C) Grade II_TTE = 11 to 30 microbubbles (arrow); and (D) Grade III_TTE = >30 microbubbles (arrow); or (E) the left atrium is almost filled with microbubbles (arrow).