Table 1.
Characteristics of the included studies.
| Author | Country | Population | Intervention | Outcomes | Follow -up | Results | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sample size (n) | Age yr (mean ± SD) | Therapeutic interventions | Characteristics/dose | |||||
| Boruah et al, 2015 | India | IG1: 25 IG2: 25 |
IG1: 49.76 (3.49) IG2: 50.04 (3.34) |
IG1: Mobilization with Movement IG2: Scapular Mobilization |
IG1: Technique was performed on the involved shoulder as described by Mulligan - 5 sessions in a wk for 3 wk. IG2: Mobilization included superior glide, inferior glide, upward rotation, downward rotation, and distraction - 5 sessions in a week for 3 wk. |
SPADI pain score AROM Flex - ER |
3 wk | SPADI P < .001 AROM flex P < .001 AROM ER P < .001 |
| Duzgun et al, 2019 | Turkey | IG1: 27 IG2: 27 |
IG1: 51.2 (9.08) IG2: 53.04 (7.8) |
IG1: Scapular mobilization IG2: Manual posterior capsule stretching. |
IG1: Supero-inferior and circumduction movements 10 times each. A 30-s break was given between each practice. 1 session IG2: Stretching was applied from the elbow with a downward force, was repeated 10 times for 20 s each. A 30-s break was given between each stretching.1session |
AROM Flex – ABD – IR – ER Active elevation Active IR Posterior capsule length Pain rest - activity - night |
1 d | AROM flex – IR -ABD P < .001 AROM ER P = .106 Active elevation P < .001 Active IR P = .001 Posterior capsule Length P = .201 Pain rest - Activity - night P > .05 |
| Kumar et al, 2016 | India | CG: 30 IG: 30 |
CG: 53.8 (4.76) IG: 54.26 (5.99) |
CG: Conventional physical therapy. IG: Scapular mobilization. |
CG: Capsular stretching, range of motion ROM and pendulum exercises. Period lasted for 5 days a week for 4 wk. IG: Maitland technique of SM included protraction, retraction, depression, elevation, and rotation. Protraction. Period lasted for 5 days a week for 4 wk. |
AROM Flex – ABD – IR – ER PROM Flex – ABD – IR – ER SPADI Total – Pain - disability NPRS |
12 wk. | AROM flex – ABD–ER P < .05 AROM IR P = .052 PROM flex – ABD – IR – ER P < .05 SPADI total – pain – disability P < .05 NPRS P < .05 |
| Preagassame et al, 2019 | India | IG: 15 CG: 15 |
IG: 51.73 (7.70) CG: 51.40 (7.37) |
IG: Scapular mobilization. CG: Conventional treatment. |
IG: Mobilisation included glade superior, inferior, distraction, upward and downward rotation. The total duration of treatment was 10 days; the frequency was 1 session/day. CG: Wax therapy, capsular stretching, and home exercises. The total duration of treatment was 10 days; the frequency was 1 session/day. |
AROM ABD – ER Constant score NPRS |
10 Days | AROM ABD – ER P = .001 Constant score P = .001 NPRS P = .001 |
| Sinha et al, 2019 | India | IG1: 15 IG2: 17 |
IG1: 52.0 (7.22) IG2: 55.13 (6.23) |
IG1: Scapular mobilization. IG2: Myofascial release of subscapularis. |
IG1: Grade III and IV Maitland scapular mobilization was performed of 10 repetitions were applied - 5 sessions in a week, for 2 wk. IG2: Myofascial release utilizing a combination of sustained manual pressure and slow deep strokes to the subscapularis muscle for 7 minutes - 5 sessions in a week, for 2 wk. |
NPRS AROM ER SPADI |
2 wk | NPRS P = .19 AROM ER P = .57 SPADI P = .80 |
| Yang et al, 2011 | Taiwan | IG1: 10 IG2: 12 CG: 10 |
IG1:56.8 (7.2) IG2:54.9 (10.3) CG: 54.3 (7.6) |
IG1: End-range mobilization. IG2: Scapular mobilization. CG: Standardized treatment |
IG1: Grade IV anterior-posterior mobilization into a position of maximal humeral elevation - twice a week for 3 months. IG2: Mobilization superiorly and inferiorly, upward, and downward for rotation - twice a week for 3 months. CG: Passive mid-range mobilization, flexion and abduction stretching techniques, physical modalities, and active exercises. - twice a week for 3 months. |
PROM ER – IR -ABD Distance HBB FLEX-SF Kinematic upward – tilt posterior - scapulohumeral rhythm |
8 wk | PROM ER – IR -ABD P < .05 HBB P > .05 FLEX-SF P < .05 Kinematic P < .05 |
ABD = Abduction, AROM = Active range of motion, CG = Control group, ER = External rotation, FLEX = Flexion, FLEX-SF = Flexi level Scale of Shoulder Function, HBB = Hand behind back, IG = Intervention Group, IR = Internal rotation, NRPS = Pain intensity- numerical rating scale, PROM = Passive range of motion, SD = Standard deviation, SPADI = Shoulder pain and disability index.