Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study population according to hyperuricemia and sex.
| Characteristic | Men (n = 3418) | Women (n = 3665) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-hyperuricemia: serum uric acid < 7 mg/dL (n = 26,90) | Hyperuricemia: serum uric acid ≥ 7 mg/dL (n = 728) | P value | Non-hyperuricemia: serum uric acid < 6 mg/dL (n = 3217) | Hyperuricemia: serum uric acid ≥ 6 mg/dL (n = 448) | P value | |
| Age (yr) | 49.6 ± 15.1 | 49.5 ± 15.6 | .87 | 49.6 ± 15.2 | 58.5 ± 14.0 | <.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.1 ± 3.3 | 24.5 ± 3.6 | <.001 | 23.3 ± 3.5 | 25.0 ± 3.9 | <.001 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 83.3 ± 10.1 | 87.4 ± 10.5 | <.001 | 81.0 ± 10.3 | 86.4 ± 10.3 | <.001 |
| High-sensitivity CRP (mg/L) | 3.0 ± 9.1 | 3.2 ± 10.3 | .69 | 2.3 ± 10.2 | 3.8 ± 6.4 | <.001 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.1 ± 0.2 | 1.2 ± 0.2 | <.001 | 0.9 ± 0.2 | 1.1 ± 0.4 | <.001 |
| Average blood pressure (mm Hg) | ||||||
| Systolic | 125.2 ± 17.4 | 127.6 ± 17.6 | .001 | 122.8 ± 19.9 | 133.6 ± 22.2 | <.001 |
| Diastolic | 80.9 ± 10.8 | 82.9 ± 11.0 | <.001 | 78.2 ± 11.0 | 82.0 ± 12.4 | <.001 |
| Physical activity (METs/week) | 110.1 ± 119.2 | 95.0 ± 104.0 | .001 | 82.2 ± 94.2 | 53.1 ± 79.9 | <.001 |
| Education | ||||||
| None | 411 (15.3%) | 99 (13.6%) | .001 | 1015 (31.6%) | 178 (39.7%) | .01 |
| Graduated from primary school | 566 (21.0%) | 123 (16.9%) | 641 (19.9%) | 90 (20.1%) | ||
| Lower middle school degree | 1002 (37.3%) | 266 (36.5%) | 965 (30.0%) | 109 (24.3%) | ||
| Upper middle school degree | 405 (15.1%) | 116 (15.9%) | 307 (9.5%) | 37 (8.3%) | ||
| Technical or vocational degree | 176 (6.5%) | 71 (9.8%) | 193 (6.0%) | 25 (5.6%) | ||
| University/college degree and above | 130 (4.8%) | 53 (7.3%) | 96 (3.0%) | 9 (2.0%) | ||
| Area of residence | ||||||
| Urban site | 815 (30.3%) | 294 (40.4%) | <.001 | 1010 (31.4%) | 185 (41.3%) | <.001 |
| Rural site | 1875 (69.7%) | 434 (59.6%) | 2207 (68.6%) | 263 (58.7%) | ||
| Diet (3-d average) | ||||||
| Energy (kcal) | 2314.7 ± 703.3 | 2288.7 ± 650.6 | .35 | 1918.1 ± 667.6 | 1852.8 ± 592.2 | .03 |
| Carbohydrate (g) | 321.9 ± 114.1 | 304.5 ± 104.6 | <.001 | 264.1 ± 96.0 | 245.1 ± 91.9 | <.001 |
| Fat (g) | 77.9 ± 39.6 | 79.7 ± 38.5 | .30 | 68.6 ± 48.3 | 70.4 ± 38.8 | .36 |
| Protein (g) | 71.2 ± 25.1 | 73.3 ± 24.5 | .27 | 60.3 ± 21.1 | 59.3 ± 21.2 | .36 |
| Ever smoke cigarettes? | ||||||
| No | 1005 (37.4%) | 271 (37.2%) | .95 | 3115 (96.8%) | 430 (96.0%) | .35 |
| Yes | 1685 (62.6%) | 457 (62.8%) | 102 (3.2%) | 18 (4.0%) | ||
Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation or number (percentage). P values were calculated using the chi-squared test for categorical variables and t test for continuous variables.
BMI = body mass index, CRP = C-reactive protein, MET = metabolic equivalent of task.