Table 4.
Differences in serum uric acid levels (mg/dL) according to alcoholic beverage intake.
| Characteristic | Men (n = 3418) | Women (n = 3665) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | Non-adjusted difference (95% CI) | Multivariable difference (95% CI) | n (%) | Non-adjusted difference (95% CI) | Multivariable difference (95% CI) | |
| Drank alcohol last year? | ||||||
| No | 1487 (43.5%) | 0 (reference) | 0 (reference) | 3381 (92.3%) | 0 (reference) | 0 (reference) |
| Yes | 1931 (56.5%) | 0.05 (–0.08, 0.18) | –0.003 (–0.14, 0.13) | 284 (7.8%) | 0.02 (–0.15, 0.18) | 0.04 (–0.11, 0.20) |
| P value | .44 | .95 | .83 | .59 | ||
| Frequency of alcohol consumption (n = 2213) | ||||||
| Almost every day | 684 (35.5%) | 0.41 (0.08, 0.74) | 0.48 (0.16, 0.80) | 48 (16.9%) | –0.10 (–0.60, 0.39) | –0.31 (–0.80, 0.17) |
| 1–4 times a week | 736 (38.2%) | 0.11 (–0.22, 0.43) | 0.12 (–0.18, 0.43) | 84 (29.6%) | –0.10 (0.52, 0.33) | –0.13 (–0.53, 0.27) |
| Once or twice a month | 372 (19.3%) | 0.04 (–0.30, 0.40) | 0.10 (–0.23, 0.43) | 76 (26.8%) | –0.18 (–0.61, 0.26) | –0.31 (–0.71, 0.10) |
| No more than once a month | 137 (7.1%) | 0 (reference) | 0 (reference) | 76 (26.8%) | 0 (reference) | 0 (reference) |
| P value | .001 | <.001 | .88 | .41 | ||
| Drink beer? (n = 2212) | ||||||
| No | 771 (40.0%) | 0 (reference) | 0 (reference) | 133 (46.8%) | 0 (reference) | 0 (reference) |
| Yes | 1157 (60.0%) | 0.06 (–0.10, 0.23) | –0.02 (–0.19, 0.15) | 151 (53.2%) | –0.08 (–0.39, 0.24) | 0.08 (–0.24, 0.41) |
| P value | .44 | .82 | .64 | .62 | ||
| Drink wine? (n = 2208) | ||||||
| No | 1729 (89.9%) | 0 (reference) | 0 (reference) | 201 (70.8%) | 0 (reference) | 0 (reference) |
| Yes | 195 (10.1%) | 0.43 (0.17, 0.70) | 0.20 (–0.06, 0.46) | 83 (29.2%) | –0.08 (–0.43, 0.27) | –0.22 (–0.57, 0.13) |
| P value | .001 | .13 | .66 | .22 | ||
| Drink liquor? (n = 2213) | ||||||
| No | 377 (19.5%) | 0 (reference) | 0 (reference) | 116 (40.9%) | 0 (reference) | 0 (reference) |
| Yes | 1552 (80.5%) | –0.24 (–0.44,–0.04) | –0.17 (–0.37, 0.03) | 168 (59.2%) | 0.17 (–0.15, 0.49) | 0.12 (–0.19, 0.44) |
| P value | .02 | .09 | .29 | .45 | ||
| Beer intake (g/wk) (n = 2207) | ||||||
| 0 | 782 (40.7%) | 0 (reference) | 0 (reference) | 140 (49.3%) | 0 (reference) | 0 (reference) |
| ≤37.92 (M)/≤18.96 (W) | 681 (35.4%) | 0.03 (–0.16, 0.21) | –0.02 (–0.20, 0.17) | 86 (30.3%) | –0.17 (–0.54, 0.19) | 0.02 (–0.34, 0.38) |
| >37.92 (M)/>18.96 (W) | 460 (23.9%) | 0.09 (–0.12, 0.29) | –0.05 (–0.26, 0.16) | 58 (20.4%) | –0.17 (–0.58, 0.25) | –0.06 (–0.47, 0.35) |
| P value | .70 | .89 | .58 | .93 | ||
| P for trend | .40 | .61 | .42 | .88 | ||
| Wine intake (g/wk) (n = 2205) | ||||||
| 0 | 1735 (90.3%) | 0 (reference) | 0 (reference) | 205 (72.4%) | 0 (reference) | 0 (reference) |
| ≤11.85 (M)/≤7.90 (W) | 95 (4.9%) | 0.42 (0.05, 0.78) | 0.22 (–0.13, 0.58) | 46 (16.3%) | –0.03 (–0.46, 0.41) | –0.05 (–0.46, 0.37) |
| >11.85 (M)/>7.90 (W) | 92 (4.8%) | 0.47 (0.10, 0.84) | 0.17 (–0.19, 0.53) | 32 (11.3%) | –0.38 (–0.89, 0.12) | –0.66 (–1.16,–0.17) |
| P value | .006 | .33 | .33 | .03 | ||
| P for trend | .005 | .25 | .10 | .02 | ||
| Liquor intake (g/wk) (n = 2207) | ||||||
| 0 | 389 (20.2%) | 0 (reference) | 0 (reference) | 117 (41.2%) | 0 (reference) | 0 (reference) |
| ≤90.60 (M)/≤30.20 (W) | 793 (41.2%) | –0.40 (–0.62,–0.19) | –0.32 (–0.53,–0.11) | 85 (29.9%) | 0.07 (–0.31, 0.45) | –0.02 (–0.38, 0.34) |
| >90.60 (M)/>30.20 (W) | 741 (38.5%) | –0.07 (–0.29, 0.15) | 0.03 (–0.19, 0.25) | 82 (28.9%) | 0.25 (–0.13, 0.63) | 0.28 (–0.10, 0.67) |
| P value | <.001 | <.001 | .43 | .25 | ||
| P for trend | .09 | .02 | .20 | .19 | ||
Adjusted for age, area, smoking, body mass index, waist circumference, education level, physical activity, creatinine level, high sensitivity, average systolic blood pressure, average diastolic blood pressure, energy intake, protein intake, fat intake, and carbohydrate intake. The P value for a trend was calculated using the median of weekly beer, wine, or liquor consumption.
CI = confidence interval, M = men, W = women.