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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Jun 2.
Published in final edited form as: Environ Ecol Stat. 2019 Oct 4;26(4):287–302. doi: 10.1007/s10651-019-00428-1

Table 3:

Simulation results from 10,000 MC runs when the true model is a near upper hinge linear model, and the data are fit using an upper hinge model. Mean estimate, %bias, and MC SD of the parameter estimate are given. Additionally, coverage and average standard error (SE) are given for model-based and bootstrap-based standard error estimates.

Model-based
Bootstrap-based
n Est(%Bias) MC SD Coverage SE Coverage SE

βz
50 1.00 (0) 0.06 0.944 0.06 0.941 0.06
100 1.00 (0) 0.04 0.949 0.04 0.946 0.04
500 1.00 (0) 0.02 0.947 0.02 0.945 0.02
β(x-e)-
50 1.02 (3) 0.22 0.898 0.17 0.959 0.28
100 1.00 (2) 0.14 0.914 0.12 0.959 0.16
500 0.99 (0) 0.06 0.916 0.05 0.952 0.06
e
50 3.03 0.53 0.837 0.47 0.948 0.73
100 3.02 0.34 0.880 0.32 0.958 0.49
500 3.02 0.15 0.912 0.14 0.952 0.18