Table 1.

A summary of graphene and graphene‐like 2D BCMs

Biomass	Method	Product	Thickness	Lateral size	Yield	Conductivity	References
Saw dust	Solvent‐free shearing/graphitization process	Graphene flakes	2–10 layers	0.5–15 µm	17.83 ± 2.63 wt%	1.39 × 104 S m−1	[173]
Wheat straw	KOH chemical activation and pyrolysis	Few‐layer graphene	2–10 layers	3 µm	/	/	[174]
Cellulose acetate	CVD	Graphene	Monolayer	106–1593 nm	/	/	[175]
Peanut shell	Pyrolysis and probe sonication	Few‐layer graphene	6–8 layers	/	/	/	[176]
Glucose	Template confinement and pyrolysis	Monolayer graphene	Monolayer	/	/	785 S m−1	[177]
Corn cob	Combustion into biochar and then electrochemical exfoliation	Graphene	2 layers	7.70 µm	/	114.5 S m−1	[185]
Pomelo	Hydrothermal and carbonization	Graphene‐like porous carbon nanosheets	11–410 nm	/	/	/	[182]
Peanut seed coats	Triethanolamine intercalation and pyrolysis	Graphene‐like porous carbon nanosheets	4 nm	/	/	810 S m−1	[184]
Walnut shell	Carbonization and KOH chemical activation	Graphene‐like porous carbon nanosheets	5–6 layers of graphene nanosheets	/	21 wt%	/	[186]
Glucose, fructose and 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural	Pyrolysis	Graphene‐like carbon nanosheets	/	/	3.6–6.7 wt%	/	[187]
Almond shells	Pyrolysis and KOH activation	Graphene‐like carbon nanosheets	2 layers of carbon sheets	/	/	/	[188]