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. 2023 Jun 3:1–11. Online ahead of print. doi: 10.1007/s00737-023-01330-3

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© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature 2023. Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

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Fig. 3 — Joint effects of emotional support and practical support predicting postpartum depression and parent-infant bonding. Notes. Error bars represent 95% CI. The figure illustrates the interaction between emotional and practical support on postpartum depression status. For illustrative purposes, both variables were split into high and low (median split) groups. Emotional support only predicted depression and impaired bonding status for women reporting low practical support