. 2022 Dec 8;273(4):779–810. doi: 10.1007/s00406-022-01526-1

Table 4.

GRADE evidence profile. (Created with GRADEpro)

Certainty assessment	No of patients	Effect	Certainty	Importance
Functioning
58	Randomized trials	Serious^a	Serious^b	Not serious	Not serious	Publication bias strongly suspected^c	2323	2725	–	SMD 0.37 SD lower (0.49 lower to 0.25 lower)	⨁◯◯◯ Very low

Certainty assessment

No of patients

Effect

Certainty

Importance

No of studies

Study design

Risk of bias

Inconsistency

Indirectness

Imprecision

Other considerations

Psychological interventions

Control conditions

Relative
(95% CI)

Absolute
(95% CI)

Functioning

Randomized trials

Serious^a

Serious^b

Not serious

Publication bias strongly suspected^c

2323

2725

–

SMD 0.37 SD lower

(0.49 lower to 0.25 lower)

⨁◯◯◯

Very low

Statistically significance values are in bold

CI confidence interval, SMD standardized mean difference

Explanations

^aThe proportion of information from studies at high risk of bias is sufficient to affect the interpretation of results

^bI-squared = 76%

^cVisual inspection of funnel plot suggests some asymmetry, confirmed by Egger's test (p = 0.0097)