Fig. 4. Thermal conductivity and thermal performance benchmarking.

a Calculated effective in-plane, $K_{33}^c$, and through-plane, $K_{11}^c$, thermal conductivity of few-layer graphene. b Calculated thermal conductivity of graphene composites with FLG loading of $f\le 8.3\mathrm{vol}\%.$ The model successfully predicts the cross-over temperature, $T_{c,th}~15\mathrm{K}$, which is in agreement with the experimental value. c Prediction of the percolative-based effective medium theory used to describe the thermal conductivity of composites with high filler loadings, $f\ge 11.4\mathrm{vol}\%$. The data is presented in the log-log scale together with the results of the low-loading model prediction presented in b. d Comparison of the measured heat conduction properties of graphene composites with other materials. Note that graphene composites demonstrate better thermal insulation at cryogenic temperatures and superior thermal conductivity at RT. The experimental data for composites with other fillers are from refs. ^28,58.