Table 1.
Demographic characteristics of participants (n = 181 for Cohort 1; n = 78 for Cohort 2; n = 18 for Cohort 3).
| Cohort 1 | Characteristic | PiB-PET negative (n = 127) | PiB-PET positive (n = 54) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M (n = 46) | F (n = 81) | P value | M (n = 23) | F (n = 31) | P value | ||
| Baseline | Global PiB SUVR, mean ± SEM | 1.09 ± 0.009 | 1.11 ± 0.009 | 0.0417a | 1.78 ± 0.060 | 1.93 ± 0.067 | 0.1144a |
| Two-year follow-up | 1.08 ± 0.009 | 1.11 ± 0.085 | 0.0243a | 1.98 ± 0.088 | 2.06 ± 0.069 | 0.4788a | |
| Baseline | FDG SUVR (4 ROIs), mean ± SEM | 1.51 ± 0.021 | 1.49 ± 0.014 | 0.3841a | 1.38 ± 0.027 | 1.39 ± 0.025 | 0.8089a |
| Two-year follow-up | 1.44 ± 0.020 | 1.46 ± 0.017 | 0.6099a | 1.33 ± 0.028 | 1.29 ± 0.034 | 0.4346a | |
| Baseline | CN/MCI/AD, (n) | 41/5/0 | 69/7/5 | 0.2180b | 11/6/5 | 9/11/11 | 0.2918b |
| Two-year follow-up | 42/4/0 | 67/7/7 | 0.1208b | 11/4/7 | 9/9/13 | 0.2914b | |
| Baseline | FDG-positive, n/N (%) | 21/46 (46%) | 36/81 (44%) | 0.8958b | 18/23 (78%) | 21/31 (68%) | 0.3979b |
| Two-year follow-up | 31/46 (67%) | 46/81 (57%) | 0.2417b | 18/23 (78%) | 24/31 (77%) | 0.9419b | |
| Baseline | Age (years), mean ± SEM | 69.78 ± 1.029 | 68.12 ± 0.889 | 0.2423a | 74.09 ± 1.372 | 71.45 ± 1.095 | 0.1349a |
| Two-year follow-up | 72.07 ± 1.033 | 70.38 ± 0.878 | 0.2320a | 76.35 ± 1.343 | 73.58 ± 1.108 | 0.1158a | |
| Baseline | CDR 0/0.5/1/2 (n) | 41/5/0/0 | 69/8/4/0 | 0.3084b | 12/9/2/0 | 9/16/6/0 | 0.2580b |
| Two-year follow-up | 41/5/0/0 | 67/7/7/0 | 0.1182b | 12/4/6/1 | 9/7/11/4 | 0.3330b | |
| Baseline | MMSE z score, mean ± SEM | 0.18 ± 0.131 | −0.01 ± 0.114 | 0.2789a | −1.50 ± 0.439 | −1.71 ± 0.287 | 0.6793a |
| Two-year follow-up | 0.20 ± 0.133 | 0.12 ± 0.125 | 0.7131a | −1.48 ± 0.512 | −2.18 ± 0.387 | 0.2705a | |
| Baseline | ApoE4-positive, n/N (%) | 9/46 (20%) | 8/81 (10%) | 0.1247b | 9/23 (39%) | 19/31 (61%) | 0.1104b |
| Two-year follow-up | 9/46 (20%) | 8/81 (10%) | 0.1247b | 9/23 (39%) | 19/31 (61%) | 0.1104b | |
| Cohort 2 (GSE109887) | Group | Source name | Sex | Mean age, years | Tissue | Disease |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 24 | AD_F | Middle temporal gyrus, AD | Female | 85.5 | Brain, middle temporal gyrus | AD |
| n = 22 | AD_M | Middle temporal gyrus, AD | Male | 84.6 | Brain, middle temporal gyrus | AD |
| n = 16 | CN_F | Middle temporal gyrus, CN | Female | 84.2 | Brain, middle temporal gyrus | CN |
| n = 16 | CN_M | Middle temporal gyrus, CN | Male | 85.0 | Brain, middle temporal gyrus | CN |
| Cohort 3 (GSE150696) | Group | Source name | Sex | Mean age, years | Tissue | Disease |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 5 | AD_F | Prefrontal cortex, AD | Female | 83.2 | Brain, prefrontal cortex | AD |
| n = 4 | AD_M | Prefrontal cortex, AD | Male | 88.75 | Brain, prefrontal cortex | AD |
| n = 5 | CN_F | Prefrontal cortex, CN | Female | 86.8 | Brain, prefrontal cortex | CN |
| n = 4 | CN_M | Prefrontal cortex, CN | Male | 82.0 | Brain, prefrontal cortex | CN |
The P values were obtained by (a) independent-sample t tests or (b) chi-square tests.
PiB Pittsburgh compound B, FDG fluorodeoxyglucose, CDR clinical dementia rating, MMSE Mini-Mental State Examination, MMSE z score Mini-Mental State Examination score with adjustment for covariates (age, sex, and educational level), ApoE Apolipoprotein E, SEM standard error of mean, ROI region of interest, SUVR standardized uptake value ratio.