. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Mar 23.

Published in final edited form as: Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord. 2023 Mar 23;37(2):128–133. doi: 10.1097/WAD.0000000000000554

Table 3.

Associations Between Sociodemographic Variables and Cognitive Domains, N=2,999

	Orientation, OR (95% CI)	Episodic Memory, OR (95% CI)	Working Memory, OR (95% CI)	Visuospatial, OR (95% CI)	Executive Function, OR (95% CI)
Gender (ref. Male)
Female	1.88 (1.26–2.80)^**	2.71 (2.27–3.23)^***	1.06 (0.87–1.29)	0.93 (0.79–1.10)	1.02 (0.86–1.22)
Age	0.95 (0.92–0.99)^**	0.94 (0.93–0.95)^***	0.96 (0.95–0.97)^***	0.95 (0.94–0.96)^***	0.95 (0.94–0.96)^***
Race/Ethnicity (ref. White)
Black	0.87 (0.57–1.34)	0.40 (0.33–0.49)^***	0.46 (0.33–0.62)^***	0.41 (0.30–0.55)^***	0.24 (0.19–0.30)^***
Hispanic	0.74 (0.46–1.20)	0.48 (0.34–0.68)^***	0.26 (0.19–0.37)^***	0.43 (0.31–0.61)^***	0.34 (0.22–0.52)^***
Other	0.30 (0.08–1.18)	0.83 (0.42–1.62)	0.24 (0.14–0.41)^***	0.63 (0.32–1.25)	0.39 (0.23–0.67)^***
Education	1.42 (1.15–1.75)^**	1.33 (1.21–1.46)^***	1.62 (1.50–1.75)^***	1.47 (1.32–1.63)^***	2.29 (2.11–2.49)^***
Depressive Symptoms	0.97 (0.93–1.00)	0.96 (0.95–0.98)^***	0.98 (0.96–1.01)	0.97 (0.95–0.99)^**	0.97 (0.95–0.99)^**
Charlson Comorbidity Index	1.12 (0.98–1.27)	1.04 (0.98–1.09)	1.04 (0.98–1.10)	0.99 (0.93–1.05)	0.97 (0.92–1.03)

^***

p<.001;

^**

p<.01;

p<.05