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. 2023 May 23;9(6):e16441. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16441

Table 2.

Ratings of physical and psychological demands.

Variables Respondents (%)
Mean ratings (SD)
Strongly agree Agree Disagree Strongly disagree
Physical job demands
 Doing lots of physical efforts (q1) 47.9 27.4 20.1 4.6 3.18 (0.91)
 Doing rapid and continuous physical activity (q2) 46.3 31.7 17.1 4.9 3.19 (0.89)
 Frequent moving/lifting heavy loads (q3) 14.9 31.7 33.8 19.5 2.42 (0.96)
 Working with body in awkward positions (q4) 39.0 40.2 14.3 6.4 3.11 (0.88)
 Lifting or lowering objects to/from floor (q5) 26.2 20.7 32.3 20.7 2.52 (1.09)
 Lifting or lowering objects to/from shoulder height (q6) 26.5 22.0 26.8 24.7 2.50 (1.12)
 Pushing/pulling heavy objects (q7) 16.5 29.3 25.9 28.4 2.33 (0.98)
 Standing in one place/static position (>30 min) (q8) 27.7 26.2 25.9 20.1 2.61 (0.96)
 Performing repetitive motions with hands/wrists (q9) 70.4 18.3 8.2 3.0 3.56 (0.77)
 Applying pressure with hands/fingers (q10) 67.4 21.0 9.1 2.4 3.53 (0.76)
Psychological job demands
 Working very hard (q11) 49.7 29.3 18.3 2.7 3.25 (0.85)
 Working very fast (q12) 51.8 30.5 15.5 2.1 3.32 (0.81)
 Doing an excessive amount of work (q13) 46.3 41.2 11.3 1.2 3.33 (0.72)
 Intense concentration on the task (q14) 47.3 42.1 8.8 1.8 3.35 (2.96)
 Not having enough time to get the job done (q15) 30.5 39.9 25.3 4.3 2.96 (0.85)
 Conflicting demands that others make (q16) 12.2 33.5 39.0 15.2 2.42 (0.89)
 Task interruptions by other people (q17) 14.3 44.5 29.0 12.2 2.61 (0.87)
 Waiting on work from other people or departments (q18) 34.1 36.9 24.7 4.3 3.01 (0.87)