Table 2.
Illness severity, symptoms, and pathogens detected in subjects with acute respiratory illness by presence of gastrointestinal symptoms
| Variables | Total | GI symptoms | No GI symptoms | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 3183) | (n = 937) | (n = 2246) | ||
| Daily interference | < 0.001 | |||
| No | 724 (22.7%) | 159 (17.0%) | 565 (25.2%) | |
| Yes, a little | 1117 (35.1%) | 320 (34.2%) | 797 (35.5%) | |
| Yes, a lot | 888 (27.9%) | 428 (45.7%) | 460 (20.5%) | |
| Visited a doctor for illness | 990 (31.1%) | 427 (45.6%) | 563 (25.1%) | < 0.001 |
| Received antibiotics | 419 (13.2%) | 175 (18.7%) | 244 (10.9%) | < 0.001 |
| Symptoms | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 4.93 (2.37) | 6.66 (2.11) | 4.12 (1.96) | < 0.001 |
| Diarrhea | 515 (16.2%) | 515 (55.0%) | 0 (0%) | < 0.001 |
| Nausea or vomiting | 662 (20.8%) | 714 (70.7%) | 0 (0%) | < 0.001 |
| Cough | 2470 (77.6%) | 783 (83.6%) | 1687 (75.1%) | < 0.001 |
| Difficulty breathing | 994 (31.2%) | 430 (45.9%) | 564 (25.1%) | < 0.001 |
| Sore throat | 1575 (49.5%) | 507 (54.1%) | 1068 (47.6%) | 0.001 |
| Rhinorrhea | 2776 (87.2%) | 819 (87.4%) | 1957 (87.1%) | 0.879 |
| Ear pain | 461 (14.5%) | 197 (21.0%) | 264 (11.8%) | < 0.001 |
| Fever | 1441 (45.3%) | 609 (65.0%) | 832 (37.0%) | < 0.001 |
| Headache | 1332 (41.8%) | 533 (56.9%) | 799 (35.6%) | < 0.001 |
| Rash | 200 (6.3%) | 108 (11.5%) | 92 (4.1%) | < 0.001 |
| Myalgia | 1273 (40.0%) | 549 (58.6%) | 724 (32.2%) | < 0.001 |
| Fatigue | 1996 (62.7%) | 736 (79.5%) | 1260 (56.1%) | < 0.001 |
| Pathogens | ||||
| Mean (SD) | 0.39 (0.67) | 0.42 (0.64) | 0.38 (0.65) | 0.118 |
| Adenovirus | 156 (4.9%) | 55 (5.9%) | 101 (4.5%) | 0.122 |
| Enterovirus | 16 (0.5%) | 5 (0.5%) | 11 (0.5%) | 0.999 |
| Enterovirus-D68 | 12 (0.4%) | 7 (0.7%) | 5 (0.2%) | 0.060 |
| Influenza | 286 (9.0%) | 121 (12.9%) | 165 (7.3%) | < 0.001 |
| Respiratory syncytial virus | 117 (3.7%) | 36 (3.8%) | 81 (3.6%) | 0.827 |
| Human coronavirus | 227 (7.1%) | 44 (4.7%) | 183 (8.1%) | 0.001 |
| Human bocavirus | 47 (1.5%) | 5 (0.5%) | 42 (1.9%) | 0.007 |
| Human metapneumovirus | 77 (2.4%) | 35 (3.7%) | 42 (1.9%) | 0.003 |
| Human paraechovirus | 2 (0.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (0.1%) | 0.890 |
| Human parainfluenza | 39 (1.2%) | 16 (1.7%) | 23 (1.0%) | 0.155 |
| Rhinovirus | 201 (6.3%) | 44 (4.7%) | 157 (7.0%) | 0.019 |
All values n (%) unless otherwise stated
GI gastrointestinal, SD standard deviation