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. 2023 May 19;9:e44084. doi: 10.2196/44084

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©Amelie Friederike Kanzow, Dennis Schmidt, Philipp Kanzow. Originally published in JMIR Medical Education (https://mededu.jmir.org), 19.05.2023.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in JMIR Medical Education, is properly cited. The complete bibliographic information, a link to the original publication on https://mededu.jmir.org/, as well as this copyright and license information must be included.

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Relation between examinees’ true knowledge (%) and the expected scoring results for examinations with 100 single-choice items (either n=2 or n=5 answer options per item). In each case, the expected scoring result at 50% true knowledge is shown with the associated 95% confidence interval. Method 21 is not shown because the relation depends on the proportion of single true-false items with true or false statements. O: number of omitted items (O=0); R: number of correct responses; S: examination result as absolute score (max. up to 100 points); W: number of incorrect responses.