. 2023 Jun 2;22:106. doi: 10.1186/s12934-023-02107-0

Table 3.

Mean values of water quality parameters in treatments, baseline and negative controls (mean ± SE)

Water quality parameters	Sample collection (days)	Negative control	Baseline control	Group 1	Group 2	Group 3
TAN (NH₄⁺-N + NH₃) (mg l⁻¹)	35	1 ± 0.22^a	0.62 ± 0.12^b	0.41 ± 0.14^c	0.34 ± 0.11^d	0.59 ± 0.20^b
	70	0.82 ± 0.11^a	0.48 ± 0.15^b	0.17 ± 0.11^d	0.25 ± 0.14^c	0.50 ± 0.12^b
	91	0.95 ± 0.14^a	0.59 ± 0.11^b	0.25 ± 0.11^c	0.21 ± 0.15^c	0.49 ± 0.12^b
Nitrite (NO₂⁻-N) (mg l⁻¹)	35	1.37 ± 0.21^a	0.71 ± 0.16^c	0.61 ± 0.12^d	0.57 ± 0.14^d	0.82 ± 0.24^b
	70	0.92 ± 0.21^a	0.57 ± 0.14^b	0.42 ± 0.11^c	0.3 ± 0.12^d	0.52 ± 0.15^b
	91	0.98 ± 0.14^a	0.68 ± 0.12^b	0.18 ± 0.12^c	0.24 ± 0.14^c	0.63 ± 0.11^b
Nitrate (NO₃⁻-N) (mg l⁻¹)	35	2.22 ± 0.12^d	28.2 ± 2.22^c	52.5 ± 2.25^b	64.75 ± 3.32^a	29.5 ± 1.27^c
	70	2.35 ± 0.14^c	43.4 ± 3.16^b	61.24 ± 2.32^a	60.2 ± 3.24^a	36.6 ± 2.21^b
	91	1.62 ± 0.16^d	34.3 ± 2.19^c	59.6 ± 1.25^a	62.1 ± 2.22^a	42.2 ± 3.26^b
Total suspended solids (TSS) (mg l⁻¹)	35	50.72 ± 4.31^d	152.4 ± 3.45^b	153.5 ± 3.59^b	160.2 ± 4.21^a	148.3 ± 4.55^c
	70	44.32 ± 3.64^c	155.2 ± 4.28^b	168.2 ± 4.02^a	166.3 ± 4.68^a	152.7 ± 3.54^b
	91	41.85 ± 3.88^d	161.82 ± 3.64^c	171.72 ± 4.27^b	176.6 ± 3.71^a	164.22 ± 2.98^c
Volatile suspended solids (VSS) (mg l⁻¹)	35	12.41 ± 3.12^c	42.7 ± 3.49^b	48.6 ± 3.15^a	46.24 ± 3.88^a	40.3 ± 2.67^b
	70	14.22 ± 2.87^d	52.8 ± 4.64^c	60.7 ± 2.84^a	56.57 ± 4.28^b	50.02 ± 3.55^c
	91	10.82 ± 2.31^c	50.7 ± 4.72^b	59.25 ± 4.18^a	58.67 ± 3.87^a	52.18 ± 4.55^b
pH	35	7.4 ± 0.14^a	7.32 ± 0.22^a	7.35 ± 0.28^a	7.25 ± 0.11^a	7.4 ± 0.14^a
	70	7.21 ± 0.32^a	7.4 ± 0.18^a	7.25 ± 0.15^a	7.5 ± 0.21^a	7.1 ± 0.27^a
	91	7.1 ± 0.18^a	7.05 ± 0.29^a	7.25 ± 0.25^a	7.3 ± 0.18^a	7.18 ± 0.35^a
Dissolved Oxygen (mg l⁻¹)	35	6.91 ± 0.42^a	6.7 ± 0.34^a	6.65 ± 0.38^a	6.5 ± 0.42^a	6.7 ± 0.29^a
	70	7.08 ± 0.36^b	7.12 ± 0.41^ab	7.5 ± 0.31^a	7.47 ± 0.25^a	7.6 ± 0.38^a
	91	7.4 ± 0.55^a	7.12 ± 0.38^ab	6.95 ± 0.51^b	7.08 ± 0.47^b	7.2 ± 0.31^a
Temperature (°C)	35	28.7 ± 0.12^a	28.3 ± 0.14^a	28.3 ± 0.13^a	28.5 ± 0.12^a	28.2 ± 0.11^a
	70	29.2 ± 0.16^a	28.5 ± 0.11^a	28.5 ± 0.12^a	28.4 ± 0.14^a	28.3 ± 0.14^a
	91	28.9 ± 0.27^a	29.4 ± 0.22^a	30.5 ± 0.18^a	29.4 ± 0.21^a	29.2 ± 0.14^a
Crude protein (% dry weight)	35	0	26.13 ± 3.62^b	40.2 ± 2.41^a	42.7 ± 3.22^a	28.4 ± 4.02^b
	70	0	31.6 ± 3.56^b	41.68 ± 2.54^a	42.97 ± 4.12^a	30.57 ± 3.28^b
	91	0	29.5 ± 2.98^b	42.5 ± 4.28^a	43.1 ± 2.48^a	30.8 ± 2.85^b

Significant differences between control and treatment groups at each sampling point are indicated with different superscript, a denotes highest value followed by b, c and d