Table 3.
Study outcomes estimating healthcare costs of physical inactivity per year and quality assessment (n = 25)
| Percentage of total healthcare costs related to physical inactivity in physical activity comparison category (%) | Lower healthcare costs for active groups (€, per person) | Score items on checklist(#yes/ #applicable items) [9] | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Econometric approach | A | B | C | ||
| Aljadhey 2012 [22] | 16.7a c | 846 | 13/18 | ||
| Aoyagi et al. 2011 [23] | 3.7 (+ 5% PA) | 126 | 15/17 | ||
| Carlson et al. 2015 [24] | 26.6 | 1340 | 15/18 | ||
| Chevan et al. 2014 [25] | 25.0a b | 2431a b | 14/18 | ||
| Dallmeyer et al. 2020 [26] | 14.1a | 42a | 17/18 | ||
| de Boer et al. 2020 [27] | 0.6 (+ 1% PA) | 15 | 16/18 | ||
| Kalbarczyk et al. 2019 [28] | 0.4–1.6d | No information reported | 16/18 | ||
| Kang et al. 2017 [29] | 11.1a | 453a | 14/18 | ||
| Karl et al. 2018 [30] | None | None | 16/18 | ||
| Min et al. 2016 [31] | 11.7a | 106a | 15/18 | ||
| Peeters et al. 2014 [32] | 9.0a | 44a | 16/18 | ||
| Peeters et al. 2017 [33] | 22.2a c | 247a | 15/18 | ||
| Sato et al. 2020 [34] |
0.4 (lag 2 years) 1.0 (lag 3 years) (+ 10% PA) |
No information reported | 14/19 | ||
| Yang et al. 2011 [35] | 15.5a | 134a | 15/18 | ||
| Percentage of total healthcare costs related to physical inactivity in physical activity comparison category (%) | Healthcare costs attributed to physical inactivity (€, million) | Score items on checklist(#yes/ #applicable items) [9] | |||
| PAF based approach | A | B | C | ||
| Amarasinghe 2010 [36] |
0.9a (+ 10% PA) |
4.4 | 17/18 | ||
| Ding et al. 2016 [8] | 0.6 | 46,268.0 | 17/18 | ||
| In’t Panhuis -Plasmans et al. 2012 [37] | 1.8 | 1542.2 | 16/18 | ||
| ISCA/Cebr 2015 [38] | 0.7a | 10,212.0 | 16/18 | ||
| Janssen 2012 [39] | 3.8 | 2026.0 | 16/18 | ||
| Krueger et al. 2015 [40] | 1.5a | 2291.1 | 16/18 | ||
| Krueger et al. 2016 [41] | 1.1a | 244.7 | 17/18 | ||
| Maresova 2014 [43] | 0.4 | 48.5 | 15/18 | ||
| Market Economics Limited 2013 [44] | 4.6 | 405.2 | 17/18 | ||
| Mattli et al. 2019 [42] | 1.2 | 6.3a | 17/18 | ||
| Scarborough et al. 2012 [45] | 1.2a | 1378.9 | 16/18 | ||
Grey literature in italic. A (inactive vs. WHO guideline) B (inactive vs. at least some activity) C (inactive/some activity vs. WHO guideline), PA Physical activity
afigure not mentioned in study but could be derived from available information
bno difference when correcting for covariates
cnumber without correcting for confounders
dpercentage of Gross Domestic Product instead of total healthcare costs. Costs were converted to PPP (2019 €)