Table 1.
Incidence of healthcare-associated infections before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.
|
Variable |
Pre-COVID-19 period |
COVID-19 pandemic period |
Relative change (%) | P value | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of events | Device days | Rate per 1,000 device days | Patient days | Rate per 10,000 patient days | Number of events | Device days | Rate per 1,000 device days | Patient days | Rate per 10,000 patient days | |||
| All | ||||||||||||
| BSI | 4,179 | - | - | 3,023,644 | 1.38 | 4,061 | - | - | 3,309,552 | 1.23 | -11.5 | <0.001 |
| CLABSI | 3,533 | 1,536,627 | 2.30 | - | - | 3,537 | 1,587,389 | 2.23 | - | - | -3.0 | 0.19 |
| CAUTI | 3,242 | 2,580,117 | 1.26 | - | - | 3,085 | 2,455,660 | 1.26 | - | - | 0 | 0.99 |
| VAP | 1,091 | 1,061,341 | 1.03 | - | - | 794 | 985,886 | 0.81 | - | - | -21.4 | <0.001 |
| > 900 beds (n = 25–27) | ||||||||||||
| BSI | 1,018 | - | - | 584,934 | 1.74 | 1,020 | - | - | 518,832 | 1.97 | 12.4 | 0.01 |
| CLABSI | 894 | 374,317 | 2.39 | - | - | 944 | 371,856 | 2.54 | - | - | 6.3 | 0.46 |
| CAUTI | 643 | 501,139 | 1.28 | - | - | 599 | 458,242 | 1.31 | - | - | 2.3 | 0.74 |
| VAP | 292 | 288,773 | 1.01 | - | - | 244 | 269,435 | 0.91 | - | - | -9.9 | 0.20 |
| 700–899 beds (n = 30–33) | ||||||||||||
| BSI | 1,309 | - | - | 713,065 | 1.84 | 1,353 | 625,883 | 2.16 | 16.0 | <0.001 | ||
| CLABSI | 1,143 | 405,461 | 2.82 | - | - | 1,154 | 374,395 | 3.08 | - | - | 9.2 | 0.03 |
| CAUTI | 866 | 560,130 | 1.55 | - | - | 836 | 530,876 | 1.57 | - | - | 1.3 | 0.70 |
| VAP | 301 | 303,639 | 0.99 | - | - | 230 | 256,226 | 0.90 | - | - | -9.1 | 0.25 |
| 500–699 beds (n = 33–36) | ||||||||||||
| BSI | 1,085 | - | - | 601,751 | 1.80 | 952 | 802,806 | 1.19 | -40.8 | <0.001 | ||
| CLABSI | 885 | 314,315 | 2.82 | - | - | 826 | 337,665 | 2.45 | - | - | -13.1 | <0.001 |
| CAUTI | 743 | 523,107 | 1.42 | - | - | 726 | 501,512 | 1.45 | - | - | 2.1 | 0.72 |
| VAP | 202 | 224,263 | 0.90 | - | - | 162 | 213,822 | 0.76 | - | - | -15.6 | 0.10 |
| 200–499 beds (n =123–166) | ||||||||||||
| BSI | 767 | - | - | 1,123,894 | 0.68 | 736 | - | - | 1,362,031 | 0.54 | -23.0 | <0.001 |
| CLABSI | 611 | 442,534 | 1.38 | - | - | 613 | 503,473 | 1.22 | - | - | -11.6 | 0.03 |
| CAUTI | 990 | 927,922 | 1.07 | - | - | 924 | 965,030 | 0.96 | - | - | -10.3 | 0.02 |
| VAP | 296 | 244,666 | 1.21 | - | - | 158 | 246,403 | 0.64 | - | - | -47.1 | <0.001 |
BSI, bloodstream infection; CLABSI, central line-associated bloodstream infection; CAUTI, catheter-associated urinary tract infection; VAP, ventilator-associated pneumonia.