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. 2023 Jun 3. Online ahead of print. doi: 10.1016/j.jhin.2023.05.010

Table 2.

Incidence of hospital-acquired infections according to microorganism before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Variable Pre-COVID-19 period
COVID-19 pandemic period

n (%) n (%) P value
CLABSI 3820 4002
 Gram-positive cocci
 Staphylococcus aureus 389 (10.2) 291 (7.3) <0.001
 CoNS 414 (10.8) 450 (11.2) 0.57
 Streptococcus species 8 (0.2) 25 (0.6) 0.01
 Enterococcus species 876 (22.9) 924 (23.1) 0.89
 Gram-negative bacteria
 Escherichis coli 106 (2.8) 98 (2.4) 0.40
 Klebsiella pneumoniae 233 (6.1) 316 (7.9) 0.002
 Acinetobacter species 523 (13.7) 518 (12.9) 0.35
 Pseudomonas species 104 (2.7) 137 (3.4) 0.08
 Candida species 685 (17.9) 708 (17.7) 0.80
CAUTI 3391 3371
Gram-positive cocci
 Enterococcus species 1219 (35.9) 1126 (33.4) 0.03
 Gram-negative bacteria
 Escherichis coli 690 (20.3) 679 (20.1) 0.86
 Klebsiella pneumoniae 352 (10.4) 402 (11.9) 0.048
 Acinetobacter species 194 (5.7) 173 (5.1) 0.31
 Pseudomonas aeruginosa 322 (9.5) 318 (9.4) 0.96
VAP 733 576
 Gram-positive cocci
 Staphylococcus aureus 115 (15.7) 80 (13.9) 0.41
 Streptococcus pneumoniae 2 (0.3) 1 (0.2) >0.99
 Gram-negative bacteria
 Escherichis coli 17 (2.3) 14 (2.4) 0.96
 Klebsiella pneumoniae 104 (14.2) 87 (15.1) 0.70
 Acinetobacter species 281 (38.3) 178 (30.9) 0.01
 Pseudomonas species 100 (13.6) 80 (13.9) 0.96
 Stenotrophomons maltophilia 23 (3.1) 36 (6.3) 0.01

CLABSI, central line-associated bloodstream infection; CAUTI, catheter-associated urinary tract infection; VAP, ventilator-associated pneumonia; CoNS, coagulase-negative Staphylococcus.