. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Dec 1.

Published in final edited form as: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2023 Jun 1;32(6):840–847. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-22-1208

Table 3:

Odds ratios from two-stage polytomous logistic regression for cumulative respirable elemental carbon (REC) and risk of bladder cancer using alternate subtype classifications (TP53, pathologic stage, and grade according to 1973 WHO criteria) in the New England Bladder Cancer Study.

	Subtype^**
	NMI/low-grade/TP53 (−) N=138	NMI/high-grade/TP53 (−) N=72	NMI/high-grade/TP53 (+) N=42	MI/high-grade/TP53(+) N=28	p-heterogeneity
	Odds Ratio^* (95% CI)	Odds Ratio^* (95% CI)	Odds Ratio^* (95% CI)	Odds Ratio^* (95% CI)
Continuous REC (per 100 μg/m³-yrs)	1.08 (0.99, 1.18)	0.98 (0.81, 1.19)	1.14 (1.00, 1.29)	1.07 (0.91, 1.26)
Cumulative REC (μg/m³-yrs)
Unexposed	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
0 – 8.6	1.12 (0.78, 1.62)	1.02 (0.62, 1.68)	2.34 (1.09, 5.04)	0.92 (0.44, 1.95)
>8.6 – 73.5	0.90 (0.60, 1.35)	0.80 (0.48, 1.35)	2.02 (0.90, 4.53)	1.13 (0.54, 2.39)
>73.5	1.12 (0.72, 1.76)	0.78 (0.40, 1.54)	4.79 (2.19, 10.51)	1.26 (0.54, 2.89)
	p-trend=0.627	p-trend=0.492	*p-trend<0.001*	p-trend=0.604	0.002

Adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, sex, smoking status, and employment in a non-diesel related high-risk occupation.

^**

Carcinoma in situ is included in NMI/high-grade. Only subtypes with sufficient sample size are listed.

NMI=Non-muscle invasive, MI=Muscle invasive.