. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Dec 1.

Published in final edited form as: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2023 Jun 1;32(6):840–847. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-22-1208

Table 5:

Associations between cumulative respirable elemental carbon (REC) and single-base substitution signatures in the New England Bladder Cancer Study.

		Sig 1 Mutations C>T at CpG dinucleotides		APOBEC-Sig 2 Mutations C>T in TC[A/T] motifs		APOBEC-Sig 13 Mutations C>G in TC[A/T] motifs		ERCC2-Sig 5^* Mutations
	N Cases	Risk Ratio^* (95% CI)	p-value	Risk Ratio^* (95% CI)	p-value	Risk Ratio^* (95% CI)	p-value	Risk Ratio^* (95% CI)	p-value
Cumulative REC^ (μg/m³-yrs)**
Unexposed	163	Ref		Ref		Ref		Ref
0 – 2.1	35	1.86 (1.06, 3.26)	0.031	0.82 (0.59, 2.25)	0.249	0.66 (0.38, 1.15)	0.139	1.51 (1.14, 2.00)	0.004
>2.1 – 14	35	1.64 (0.90, 3.00)	0.106	1.14 (0.83, 1.57)	0.426	0.95 (0.57, 1.61)	0.862	0.87 (0.62, 1.24)	0.450
>14 – 80	36	1.97 (1.08, 3.60)	0.027	0.89 (0.63, 1.27)	0.527	1.10 (0.65, 1.86)	0.720	1.09 (0.79, 1.49)	0.616
>80	35	2.31 (1.31, 4.06)	0.004	1.07 (0.78, 1.46)	0.688	0.76 (0.43, 1.33)	0.331	1.01 (0.74, 1.38)	0.938
p-trend		*0.042*		0.542		0.538		0.534

Adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, sex, smoking status/duration, employment in a non-diesel related high-risk occupation, ERCC2 mutations, and tumor cellularity.

^**

Cut points for cumulative REC (quartiles) are based on distribution of cases.