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. 2023 Jun 3;13:9059. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-35936-5

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Panels depict (A) olfactory acuity (sensitivity; A) and sensory decision rule (criterion, ln(b)) assessed through a method of constant stimuli procedure in (w)omen and (m)en; (B) self-rated adverse reactions to odours using the Chemical Sensitivity Scale (CSS); (C) rated intensity, valence, impact on ability to concentrate, and cardinal symptoms following extended n-butanol exposure; (D) performance of Stroop and 3-back tasks; and (E) electrodermal activity and heart-rate variability analyzed in 5-min bins across the exposure session.