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. 2023 Jun 3;14:3226. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-38949-w

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 6 — a Schematic showing the one-pot cascade situation. b Confocal fluorescence microscopy and FT-IR of Grubbs/CALB@MOF. 2D (b₁) or 2.5D (b₂) image of FITC-Dextran-labeled CALB within the multi-compartmental microreactor and its corresponding fluorescence intensity profile (b₃), FT-IR spectra (b₄). c EDX mappings of Grubbs/CALB@MOF for the characteristic elements, including Ru, N, P and S. d Catalytic performance of the cascade reaction in different systems, including Grubbs/CALB@MOF, Grubbs/CALB, Grubbs@MOF/CALB@MOF, Grubbs/CALB@traditional MOF and Grubbs/CALB@SBA-15. Kinetic plots (d₁), selectivity of aimed CA product (d₂), and calculated catalysis efficiency (d₃). e Catalytic results of Grubbs/CALB@MOF with different weight ratios of enzyme and molecular catalyst; Kinetic plots (e₁), selectivity of aimed CA product (e₂), and calculated catalysis efficiency (e₃). f Recyclability of Grubbs/CALB@MOF. g SEM images of Grubbs/CALB@MOF after reaction. h XRD patterns before and after reaction.