Table 2.
Maternal ppBMI status and risks of adverse pregnancy outcomes in GDM women
| Outcomes | Underweight | Normal weight | Overweight/obese |
|---|---|---|---|
| PIH, n (%) | 2(3.1) | 19(4) | 22(10.1) |
| Unadjusted OR (95%CI) | 0.770(0.175–3.386) | 1(ref) | 2.723(1.442–5.145)* |
| Adjusted OR (95%CI) | 0.971(0.211–4.467) | 1(ref) | 2.828(1.382–5.787)* |
| Preeclampsia, n (%) | 1(1.5) | 13(2.7) | 10(4.6) |
| Unadjusted OR (95%CI) | 0.563(0.072–4.372) | 1(ref) | 1.731(0.747–4.011) |
| Adjusted OR (95%CI) | 0.667(0.081–5.468) | 1(ref) | 1.959(0.783–4.902) |
| CS, n (%) | 23(35.4) | 210(43.7) | 131(60.1) |
| Unadjusted OR (95%CI) | 0.707(0.412–1.212) | 1(ref) | 1.943(1.403–2.691)** |
| Adjusted OR (95%CI) | 0.790(0.437–1.429) | 1(ref) | 2.466(1.694–3.590)** |
| Preterm delivery, n (%) | 4(6.2) | 25(5.2) | 26(11.9) |
| Unadjusted OR (95%CI) | 1.191(0.401–3.538) | 1(ref) | 2.459(1.385–4.367)* |
| Adjusted ORa (95%CI) | 0.682(0.148–3.139) | 1(ref) | 2.446(1.233–4.854)* |
| LGA, n (%) | 11(16.9) | 113(23.5) | 70(32.1) |
| Unadjusted OR (95%CI) | 0.663(0.335–1.312) | 1(ref) | 1.540(1.081–2.194)* |
| Adjusted ORb (95%CI) | 0.624(0.293–1.330) | 1(ref) | 1.664(1.120–2.472)* |
| SGA, n (%) | 1(1.5) | 7(1.5) | 4(1.8) |
| Unadjusted OR (95%CI) | 1.058(0.128–8.740) | 1(ref) | 1.266(0.367–4.369) |
| Adjusted ORb (95%CI) | - | 1(ref) | 1.517(0.394–5.849) |
| Macrosomia, n (%) | 1(1.5) | 39(8.1) | 32(14.7) |
| Unadjusted OR (95%CI) | 0.178(0.024–1.317) | 1(ref) | 1.981(1.203–3.261)* |
| Adjusted ORc (95%CI) | 0.178(0.023–1.390) | 1(ref) | 2.682(1.511–4.760)* |
| Low birth weight, n (%) | 4(6.2) | 17(3.5) | 15(6.9) |
| Unadjusted OR (95%CI) | 1.800(0.586–5.527) | 1(ref) | 2.405(1.002–4.177)* |
| Adjusted ORc (95%CI) | 1.744(0.195–15.563) | 1(ref) | 1.015(0.278–3.705) |
| Any pregnancy complication, n (%) | 33(50.8) | 274(57) | 164(75.2) |
| Unadjusted OR (95%CI) | 0.779(0.464–1.309) | 1(ref) | 2.294(1.606–3.277)** |
| Adjusted ORa (95%CI) | 0.764(0.435–1.341) | 1(ref) | 2.766(1.840–4.158)** |
Abbreviations: ppBMI: pre-pregnancy body mass index; GDM: gestational diabetes mellitus; FBG: fasting blood glucose; PIH: pregnancy-induced hypertension; CS: cesarean delivery; LGA: large-for-gestational age; SGA: small for-gestational age; OR: odds ratio; 95%CI: 95% confidence interval
Adjusted OR: adjusted for maternal age, primiparity, gestational weeks, GWG, FBG and implementation on doctors’ advices
Adjusted ORa: adjusted for maternal age, primiparity, GWG, FBG and implementation on doctor’s advice
Adjusted ORb: adjusted for maternal age, primiparity, GWG, FBG, implementation on doctor’s advice, PIH and preeclampsia
Adjusted ORc: adjusted for maternal age, gestational weeks, primiparity, GWG, FBG, implementation on doctor’s advice, PIH and preeclampsia
*p value < 0.05; **p value < 0.001