Table 1.

Estimated parameters from the HMM-SSF fitted to zebra telemetry data

	State/transition	Covariate		Estimate (95% CI)
Movement (SSF)	Encamped	Step length L	${\beta }_1^{(1)}$	$-13.6(-14.8,-12.3)$
		log(L)	${\beta }_2^{(1)}$	$-1.18(-1.21,-1.15)$
		cos($\theta$)	${\beta }_3^{(1)}$	$-0.01(-0.07,0.04)$
	Exploratory	Step length L	${\beta }_1^{(2)}$	$-3.11(-3.36,-2.86)$
		log(L)	${\beta }_2^{(2)}$	$-0.65(-0.78,-0.53)$
		cos($\theta$)	${\beta }_3^{(2)}$	$1.46(1.33,1.59)$
Habitat (SSF)	Encamped	Bushed grassland	${\beta }_4^{(1)}$	$0.21(0.03,0.39)$
		Bushland	${\beta }_5^{(1)}$	$-0.19(-0.46,0.08)$
		Woodland	${\beta }_6^{(1)}$	$-0.56(-1.08,-0.05)$
	Exploratory	Bushed grassland	${\beta }_4^{(2)}$	$-1.00(-1.16,-0.83)$
		Bushland	${\beta }_5^{(2)}$	$-2.19(-2.42,-1.96)$
		Woodland	${\beta }_6^{(2)}$	$-1.96(-2.26,-1.66)$
Transition probabilities (HMM)	Encamped − exploratory	Intercept	${\alpha }_0^{(1,2)}$	$-1.83(-1.98,-1.69)$
		cos$\left(\frac{2\pi \tau }{24}\right)$	${\alpha }_1^{(1,2)}$	$0.03(-0.14,0.21)$
		sin$\left(\frac{2\pi \tau }{24}\right)$	${\alpha }_2^{(1,2)}$	$0.81(0.63,0.99)$
	Exploratory − encamped	Intercept	${\alpha }_0^{(2,1)}$	$-1.26(-1.40,-1.12)$
		cos$\left(\frac{2\pi \tau }{24}\right)$	${\alpha }_1^{(2,1)}$	$0.15(-0.02,0.33)$
		sin$\left(\frac{2\pi \tau }{24}\right)$	${\alpha }_2^{(2,1)}$	$0.14(-0.04,0.32)$

Note, these are the untransformed $\beta$ estimates and do not directly represent the mean and variance of the assumed gamma distribution; the turning angle (given by $\theta$) parameter represents the angular concentration of the von Mises distribution. L is the step length (km) and $\tau$ is the hour of the day.