Table 1. Life history attributes and distribution of shark species assessed in the present study.

Species name	Common name	Distribution	Habitat	Body size a (cm)	IUCN category	Traits b
Alopias pelagicus	Pelagic thresher shark	Indo–Pacific	Oceanic and pelagic	259–376	Endangered	No evidence of philopatry; ovoviviparous
Alopias superciliosus	Bigeye thresher shark	Global	Coastal, oceanic and pelagic	470–484	Vulnerable	No evidence of philopatry; ovoviviparous
Alopias vulpinus	Common thresher shark	Global	Coastal, oceanic and pelagic	575–635	Vulnerable	No evidence of philopatry; ovoviviparous
Carcharhinus altimus	Bignose shark	Global	Benthopelagic	300	Near threatened	Viviparous
Carcharhinus amblyrhynchoides	Graceful shark	Indo–west Pacific	Coastal and pelagic	178–190	Near threatened	Viviparous
Carcharhinus amboinensis	Pigeye shark	Global	Coastal, oceanic and demersal	280	Data deficient	Residency, regional philopatry; viviparous
Carcharhinus brevipinna	Spinner shark	Global	Coastal and pelagic	280–283	Near threatened	Regional philopatry, site fidelity; viviparous
Carcharhinus dussumieri	Whitecheek shark	Indo–west Pacific	Coastal and demersal	100–110	Endangered	Viviparous
Carcharhinus falciformis	Silky shark	Global	Coastal, oceanic and pelagic	330–350	Vulnerable	Site fidelity; viviparous
Carcharhinus leucas	Bull shark	Global	Coastal & estuarine and reef-associated	340–360	Near threatened	Residency, regional philopatry and site fidelity; viviparous
Carcharhinus limbatus	Common blacktip shark	Global	Coastal and reef-associated	258–297	Near threatened	Seasonal residency, regional philopatry and site fidelity; viviparous
Carcharhinus longimanus	Oceanic whitetip shark	Global	Oceanic and pelagic	350–395	Critically endangered	Seasonal residency and site fidelity; viviparous
Carcharhinus macloti	Hardnose shark	Indo–west Pacific	Reef-associated and demersal	100–110	Near threatened	Viviparous
Carcharhinus melanopterus	Blacktip reef shark	Indo–Pacific	Coastal and reef-associated	160 ≤ 200	Vulnerable	Residency, site fidelity, natal philopatry; viviparous
Carcharhinus plumbeus	Sandbar shark	Global	Coastal and benthopelagic	200–300	Near threatened	Seasonal residency, site fidelity; viviparous
Carcharhinus sealei	Blackspotted shark	Indo–west Pacific	Reef-associated	100	Near threatened	Viviparous
Carcharhinus sorrah	Spot-tail shark	Indo–west Pacific	Coastal and reef-associated	160–180	Near threatened	Residency; viviparous
Carcharodon carcharias	Great white shark	Global	Oceanic and pelagic	400–600	Vulnerable	Ovoviviparous (oophagus)
Carcharias taurus	Sand tiger	Atlantic, Indo–west Pacific	Coastal, reef-associated and demersal	320	Vulnerable	Seasonal residency, site fidelity; ovoviviparous
Cetorhinus maximus	Basking shark	Atlantic, Pacific and Artic	Coastal, oceanic and pelagic	1,200–1,220	Endangered	Ovoviviparous (oviphagy)
Chiloscyllium griseum	Grey bamboo shark	Indo–west Pacific	Reef-associated and demersal	77	Vulnerable	Oviparous
Chiloscyllium indicum	Slender bamboo shark	Indo–west Pacific	Coastal and demersal	65	Vulnerable	Oviparous
Chiloscyllium punctatum	Brown banded bamboo shark	Indo–west Pacific	Reef-associated and demersal	104	Near threatened	Oviparous
Galeocerdo cuvier	Tiger shark	Global	Coastal, oceanic and semi pelagic	400 ≥ 550	Near threatened	Residency, site fidelity; ovoviviparous
Isurus oxyrinchus	Short mako shark	Global	Coastal, oceanic and pelagic	200–400	Endangered	Site fidelity; ovoviviparous
Isurus paucus	Longfin mako	Global	Oceanic, pelagic	417–430	Endangered	Site fidelity; ovoviviparous (oviphagy)
Negaprion acutidens	Sicklefin lemon shark	Indo–Pacific	Coastal and demersal	310–380	Vulnerable	Residency, site fidelity; viviparous
Negaprion brevirostris	Lemon shark	Atlantic, East Pacific	Coastal, reef-associated and demersal	250–300	Near threatened	Residency, site fidelity, natal philopatry; viviparous
Prionace glauca	Blue shark	Global	Oceanic and pelagic	383–385	Near threatened	Viviparous
Rhincodon typus	Whale shark	Global	Coastal, oceanic and semi pelagic	1,600–2,100	Endangered	Site fidelity; ovoviviparous
Rhizoprionodon oligolinx	Grey sharpnose shark	Indo–west Pacific	Coastal, reef-associated	70	Least concern	Viviparous
Rhizoprionodon acutus	Milk shark	Indo–west Pacific	Benthopelagic	178–180	Vulnerable	Viviparous
Scoliodon laticaudus	Spadenose shark	Indo–west Pacific	Coastal and demersal	74–75	Vulnerable	Viviparous
Sphyrna lewini	Scalloped hammerhead shark	Global	Semi oceanic and semi pelagic	370–420	Critically endangered	Seasonal residency, regional philopatry and site fidelity; viviparous
Sphyrna mokarran	Great hammerhead shark	Global	Semi oceanic and semi pelagic	550–610	Critically endangered	Site affinity; viviparous
Sphyrna zygaena	Smooth hammerhead shark	Global	Semi oceanic and semi pelagic	370–400	Vulnerable	Regional philopatry; viviparous
Stegostoma fasciatum	Zebra shark	Not mapped	Coastal and demersal	235–246	Endangered	Seasonal residency and site fidelity; oviparous
Triaenodon obesus	Whitetip reef shark	Indo–Pacific	Coastal and reef-associated	170–213	Vulnerable	Residency; viviparous
Lamna ditropis	Salmon shark	North Pacific	Coastal, oceanic and pelagic	221–305	Least concern	Residency, seasonal residency, site fidelity, regional philopatry; ovoviviparous (oophagus)
Lamna nasus	Porbeagle	North Atlantic and Southern hemisphere	Oceanic, coastal and pelagic	350–365	Vulnerable	Ovoviviparous (oophagus)

Notes.

^aBody size refers to the maximum total length of the adult shark. Total length is the length measured from the tip of the snout to the tip of the longer lobe of the caudal fin.

^bTraits refer to the type of philopatry and reproduction shown by the particular shark species.